Enzymes / Cellular Respiration (Lecture 6)

Question 1

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within a cell or organism

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

reactions that involve the breaking down of molecules

Answer 2

Catabolism (Catabolic reactions)

Question 3

Reactions that involve the building of molecules

Answer 3

Anabolism (Anabolic Reactions)

Question 4

Reactions that yield more energy than what is required

Answer 4

Exergonic Reactions

Question 5

Reactions that require more energy than what is yielded

Answer 5

Endergonic Reactions

Question 6

Regulatory proteins that regulate all metabolic reactions

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

A substance that speeds up reactions

Answer 7

Catalyst

Question 8

The amount of energy necessary to start a reactions

Answer 8

Activation Energy

Question 9

Reactants that are acted upon by an enzyme

Answer 9

Substrates

Question 10

Where do Substrates bind to on an Enzyme?

Answer 10

The Active Site

Question 11

An INORGANIC mineral or metal that attaches to an enzyme and allows it to accept a substrate

Answer 11

Cofactor

Question 12

ORGANIC vitamins that attach to an enzyme and allow it to accept substrate

Answer 12

Coenzymes

Question 13

The process that stops an enzyme from working temporarily

Answer 13

Enzyme Inhibition

Question 14

A molecule that binds to THE ACTIVE SITE of an enzyme and prevents the normal substrate from binding

Answer 14

Competitive inhibition

Question 15

A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a spot OTHER THAN the active site and indirectly prevents the normal substrate from binding

Answer 15

Noncompetitive inhibition

Question 16

Factors affecting enzyme activity (Hint: T-S-E-S-T-P)

Answer 16

Time
Substrate Specificity
Enzyme Concentration
Substrate Concentration
Temperature
pH

Question 17

Which Law of Thermodynamics is as follows?

Law of Energy conservation
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Energy can be transferred or transformed

Answer 17

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 18

Which Law of Thermodynamics is as follows?

Energy Transformation increases universal entropy
Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy in the universe

Answer 18

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 19

The energy of motion. Energy, including light and heat, that is released when work is being performed.

Answer 19

Kinetic Energy

Question 20

Stored energy. Energy, including glucose and ATP, possessed by an object at rest.

Answer 20

Potential Energy

Question 21

Abbreviation for Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

The breaking down of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, which yields free energy

Answer 22

Hydrolysis of ATP

Question 23

The addition of the phosphate group to a molecule after its removal from another

Answer 23

Phosphorylation

Question 24

This type of Cellular Respiration utilizes Oxygen

Answer 24

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Question 25

This type of Cellular Respiration DOES NOT utilize Oxygen

Answer 25

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Question 26

How many NET ATP molecules does Aerobic Cellular Respiration produce?

Answer 26

36 Net ATP molecules

Question 27

How many NET ATP molecules does Anaerobic Cellular Respiration produce?

Answer 27

2 Net ATP Molecules

Question 28

What is Redox Reactions short for?

Answer 28

Reduction-Oxidation reactions

Question 29

Reactions in which electrons are moved from one molecule to another

Answer 29

Redox Reactions

Question 30

The act of a molecule gaining electrons during a reaction

Answer 30

Reduction

Question 31

The act of a molecule losing electrons during a reaction

Answer 31

Oxidation

Question 32

The splitting of a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvates

Answer 32

Glycolysis

Question 33

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 33

In the Cytoplasm

Question 34

How much ATP does Glycolysis utilize?

Answer 34

2 ATP

Question 35

How many ATP does Glycolysis produce? What is the net gain?

Answer 35

Gross ATP: 4 Net ATP: 2

Question 36

A temporary electron carrier

Answer 36

NADH

Question 37

What does NADH exist as before receiving electrons?

Answer 37

NAD+

Question 38

Conversion of 2 Pyruvates into 2 Acetyl CoA Molecules

Answer 38

Bridge Reaction

Question 39

Where does the Bridge Reaction occur?

Answer 39

Across the Mitochondrial Envelope into the Matrix

Question 40

What does the Bridge Reaction utilize?

Answer 40

2 Pyruvates and 2 Acetyl CoA

Question 41

What does the Bridge Reaction Produce?

Answer 41

2 Co2 and 2 NADH

Question 42

How much ATP does the Bridge Reaction produce?

Answer 42

None. It is the only in Cellular Respiration step that does not produce ATP.

Question 43

How much Acetyl CoA is required to start Kreb's Cycle a single time?

Answer 43

One Acetyl CoA

Question 44

Where does Kreb's Cycle occur?

Answer 44

In the Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 45

What products does a single Kreb's Cycle Produce?

Answer 45

3 NADH 2 CO2 1 ATP 1 FADH2

Question 46

Electron Carriers arriving in the Cristae and releasing their electrons

Answer 46

Electron Transport Chain

Question 47

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Answer 47

Along the Cristae

Question 48

What do NADH and FADH2 release during the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 48

Their Electrons

Question 49

A series of integral proteins in the inner membrane associated with the release of electrons during the Electron Transport Chain

Answer 49

Cytochrome Complex

Question 50

What accepts the electrons during the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 50

Oxygen

Question 51

Where does Anaerobic Cellular Respiration occur?

Answer 51

In the Cytoplasm, exclusively

Question 52

What are the two steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration?

Answer 52

Glycolysis and Fermentation

Question 53

The process of splitting one Glucose into 2 Pyruvates

Answer 53

Glycolysis

Question 54

The process of converting 2 Pyruvates into 2 Ethanol Molecules

Answer 54

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 55

How much CO2 does Alcohol Fermentation produce?

Answer 55

2 CO2 Molecules

Question 56

The process by which 2 Pyruvates are converted to 2 Lactate molecules

Answer 56

Lactic Acid Fermentation