Cell Structures

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

outer layer of the cell; lipids and proteins; encloses cell contents; participates in cell growth, reproduction, and interactions

Question 2

microvilli

Answer 2

short extensions of the cell membrane; absorb materials into the cell

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

large, membrane-bound organelle in the center of the cell; contains chromosomes

Question 4

nucleolus

Answer 4

small body in the nucleus; makes ribosomes

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane; consists of cytosol and organelles

Question 6

cytosol

Answer 6

fluid part of cytoplasm; surrounds organelles

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 7

network of membranes within the cytoplasm

Question 8

rough ER

Answer 8

ribosomes attached; modifies, folds and sorts proteins

Question 9

smooth ER

Answer 9

no ribosomes; lipid synthesis

Question 10

golgi apparatus

Answer 10

layers of membranes; modifies proteins and prepares then for transport

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

large with internal folded membranes; converts energy from nutrients into ATP

Question 12

lysosomes

Answer 12

small sacs of digestive enzymes; digests substances within the cell

Question 13

peroxisomes

Answer 13

contain enzymes; break down harmful substances

Question 14

vesicles

Answer 14

small membrane-bound sacs in cytoplasm; store and move large amounts of material into or out of the cell

Question 15

centrioles

Answer 15

rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus (usually two); help separate chromosomes during cell division

Question 16

surface projections

Answer 16

structures that extend from the cell; move cell or fluids around the cell

Question 17

cilia

Answer 17

short hairy things that come off the cell; move fluids around the cell

Question 18

flagellum

Answer 18

long whip-like extension off the cell; moves the cell around