Ch 9 PP Terms

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

group of glands that secrete regulatory substances (hormones)

Question 2

ductless glands

Answer 2

endocrine glands; released into the blood

Question 3

steroid hormones

Answer 3

made from lipids, produced by gonads and cortex of adrenal glands

Question 4

hypophysis

Answer 4

pituitary gland; below hypothalamus

Question 5

pituitary gland

Answer 5

located below brain (hypothalamus); divided into anterior (6 hormones, GH and stimulate other glands) and posterior (2 hormones, ADH and oxytocin)

Question 6

thyroid gland

Answer 6

two lobes on either side of larynx; secretes mix of hormones that affect metabolism

Question 7

parathyroid glands

Answer 7

4-6 tiny glands on thyroid; posterior surface of thyroid; regulates calcium exchange

Question 8

adrenal glands

Answer 8

activated by stress; atop each kidney

Question 9

adrenal outer cortex

Answer 9

cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones; steroid hormones

Question 10

inner medulla

Answer 10

epinephrine (adrenaline) in response to stress

Question 11

islet cells

Answer 11

endocrine portions of the pancreas; produces insulin and glucagon

Question 12

pineal

Answer 12

regulates mood, sexual dev, and daily cycles; melatonin

Question 13

thymus

Answer 13

thymosin-aids in development of immune system’s T cells; more important for children

Question 14

gonads

Answer 14

secrete sex hormones

Question 15

prostaglandins

Answer 15

group of hormones produced by many cells; uterine contractions, inflammatory response, blood clotting, BP

Question 16

vasomotor activities

Answer 16

constriction and dilation of blood vessels

Question 17

endocrine

Answer 17

pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

Question 18

hormone

Answer 18

a secretion of an endocrine gland; travels in blood and effects tissues, organs, or glands

Question 19

hypothalamus

Answer 19

portion of brain that controls pituitary gland and helps maintain homeostasis

Question 20

pancreatic islet

Answer 20

cluster of endocrine cells in pancreas that regulate glucose metabolism

Question 21

receptor

Answer 21

site on cell membrane within cell to which a substance (hormone) attaches

Question 22

target tissue

Answer 22

specific tissue on which a hormone acts; can also be target organ

Question 23

glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test

Answer 23

measures binding of glucose to hemoglobin during lifespan of RBC; reflects avg. BG over 2-3 months; A1c test

Question 24

glycosuria

Answer 24

excess sugar in the urine

Question 25

hyperglycemia

Answer 25

excess glucose in the blood

Question 26

hypoglycemia

Answer 26

low level of glucose in the blood

Question 27

insulin shock

Answer 27

overdose of insulin

Question 28

ketoacidosis

Answer 28

acidosis caused by excess ketones

Question 29

metabolic syndrome

Answer 29

hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin; as seen in type 2 diabetes

Question 30

gestational diabetes

Answer 30

glucose intolerance during pregnancy; gone after birth

Question 31

type 2 dm

Answer 31

90% of diabetes cases, cellular resistance to insulin; insulin overproduction followed by failure of overworked cells to produce enough insulin

Question 32

type 1 dm

Answer 32

autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells and failure of pancreas to produce insulin

Question 33

diabetes mellitus

Answer 33

failure of pancreas; most common endocrine disorder; hyperglycemia

Question 34

addison's disease

Answer 34

hypofunction of adrenal cortex; water loss and electrolyte imbalance

Question 35

cushing syndome

Answer 35

excess of adrenal cortical hormones; moon face, obesity in torso, hirsutism

Question 36

graves disease

Answer 36

common form of hyperthyroidism

Question 37

hyperthyroidism

Answer 37

overproduction of thyroid hormones

Question 38

hypothyroidism

Answer 38

deficiency of thyroid hormones

Question 39

congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 39

can cause physical and/or mental retardation if untreated; infants; heel prick test for newborns

Question 40

adult hypothyroidism

Answer 40

autoimmune destruction of thyroid

Question 41

diabetes insipidus

Answer 41

NOT dm, lack of ADH, decreased ability to conserve water