Ch 7 PP Terms

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

nervous system

Answer 3

controls body functions with electrical impulses and neurotransmitters; regulates response to our environment

Question 4

somatic nervous system

Answer 4

voluntary; controls skeletal muscles

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

involuntary; controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands; sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

sensory receptors

Answer 6

specialized receptors in sensory organs that send information to spinal cord

Question 7

spinal cord

Answer 7

all nervous tissue contained in the spinal column; sends information from senses to the brain

Question 8

brain

Answer 8

nervous tissue contained within the cranium; organizes and interprets information and sends directions to effectors

Question 9

receptors

Answer 9

detect stimuli

Question 10

effectors

Answer 10

produce a response to stimuli

Question 11

nerves

Answer 11

bundle of neuron fibers outside the CNS; carry information throughout body systems

Question 12

neuron

Answer 12

nerve cells; make up conducting tissue of nervous system; two types of fibers (dendrite and axon)

Question 13

neuroglia

Answer 13

cells that support and protect nervous tissue

Question 14

dendrite

Answer 14

neuron fiber that carries impulses towards the cell body

Question 15

axon

Answer 15

neuron fiber that carries impulses away from cell body

Question 16

myelin

Answer 16

white, fatty material that insulates and protects some axons and speeds electrical currents

Question 17

white matter

Answer 17

myelinated axons

Question 18

grey matter

Answer 18

unmyelinated tissue

Question 19

types of neurons

Answer 19

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 20

sensory neurons

Answer 20

afferent; transmit impulses towards CNS

Question 21

motor neurons

Answer 21

efferent; transmit impulses away from CNS

Question 22

interneurons

Answer 22

connect cells within CNS

Question 23

synapse

Answer 23

point of contact between two neurons; energy is passed here from one cell to the other usually with a neurotransmitter

Question 24

neurotransmitter

Answer 24

a chemical that transmits energy across a synapse

Question 25

nerve

Answer 25

bundles of neuron fibers in the PNS

Question 26

ganglion

Answer 26

collection of cell bodies along nerve pathway

Question 27

mixed nerves

Answer 27

nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers

Question 28

cerebrum

Answer 28

largest part of brain, white matter

Question 29

cerebral cortex

Answer 29

grey matter that surrounds cerebrum; higher brain functions of memory, reasoning, and thought

Question 30

diencephalon

Answer 30

contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

Question 31

thalamaus

Answer 31

receives sensory information and sends off to cortex

Question 32

hypothalamus

Answer 32

controls pituitary gland

Question 33

brain stem

Answer 33

contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 34

midbrain

Answer 34

vision and hearing

Question 35

pons

Answer 35

connects brain regions

Question 36

medulla oblongata

Answer 36

connects brain to spinal cord; controls HR, RR, BP

Question 37

cerebellum

Answer 37

beneath cerebrum; controls voluntary movements

Question 38

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 38

produced in all four ventricles; cushions brain

Question 39

meninges

Answer 39

set of three protective layers surrounding brain and spinal cord; dura, arachnoid, pia

Question 40

dura mater

Answer 40

outer layer of meninges; toughest

Question 41

arachnoid

Answer 41

web-like middle layer of meninges

Question 42

pia mater

Answer 42

thin inner layer of meninges; connected directly to brain and spinal tissue

Question 43

spinal nerves

Answer 43

31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect with the spinal cord; grouped into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal segments

Question 44

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 44

fight or flight mode; increases HR, RR, BP; activates adrenal gland

Question 45

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 45

returns body to homeostasis; stimulates maintenance activities

Question 46

gyri

Answer 46

raised areas of brain

Question 47

sulci

Answer 47

grooves of brain