cells

Question 1

What are organisms made of only one cell called?

Answer 1

UNICELLULAR organisms

Examples include bacteria and some protists.

Question 2

What are organisms made from many cells called?

Answer 2

MULTICELLULAR organisms

Examples include humans, animals, and plants.

Question 3

How many cells approximately compose the human body?

Answer 3

100,000,000,000,000 (one hundred million million) cells

This number highlights the complexity and scale of human biology.

Question 4

What is the average size of a cell?

Answer 4

About 0.001mm across

This size can vary significantly between different types of cells.

Question 5

What are the common features of cells?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell membrane

These components are fundamental to both plant and animal cells.

Question 6

What additional features do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

Answer 6

Cellulose cell wall, Permanent vacuole, Chloroplast

These features are crucial for plant structure and function.

Question 7

What is the outer ‘skin’ of an animal cell called?

Answer 7

Cell membrane

It acts as a barrier and regulator for substances entering and exiting the cell.

Question 8

What is meant by ‘semi permeable’ in relation to the cell membrane?

Answer 8

It controls which molecules can get in or out of the cell

This property is essential for maintaining homeostasis.

Question 9

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 9

The clear jelly that fills up the whole cell

It is where many cellular processes occur.

Question 10

What chemical reaction takes place in mitochondria?

Answer 10

Respiration

This process produces energy for the cell.

Question 11

What is the term for all chemical processes taking place in the cell?

Answer 11

METABOLISM

Metabolism includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions.

Question 12

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 12

Controls all of the chemical reactions in the cytoplasm and cell division

It acts as the control center of the cell.

Question 14

What are chromosomes?

Answer 14

Chromosomes are chemical substances inside the nucleus that carry the instructions needed for the cell.

Question 15

What surrounds the cell membrane in a plant cell?

Answer 15

The cell membrane in a plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 16

What is the cell wall made from and what is its function?

Answer 16

The cell wall is made out of cellulose. It is tough, rigid, and supports plant cells, preventing bursting from water intake.

Question 17

What do chloroplasts contain and what is their function?

Answer 17

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which traps sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 18

What is contained inside the vacuole?

Answer 18

The vacuole contains a solution called cell sap.

Question 19

What are bacteria?

Answer 19

Bacteria are single-celled microbes found in every habitat on earth.

Question 20

What is the basic structure of a single bacterial cell?

Answer 20

A single bacterial cell includes ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, cytoplasm, capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, and plasmid.

Question 21

What is unique about the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 21

The bacterial cell wall is not made from cellulose.

Question 22

What do plasmids contain?

Answer 22

Plasmids contain circular loops of DNA.

Question 23

Do bacteria have a nucleus or organelles?

Answer 23

Bacteria have no nucleus or organelles like mitochondria.

Question 24

What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria?

Answer 24

The flagellum helps in movement.

Question 25

How is DNA stored inside a bacterium?

Answer 25

The DNA is not enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 26

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Answer 26

Contains chromosomes and controls all the chemical reactions in the cell.

Question 27

What is the role of cytoplasm?

Answer 27

Where chemical reactions take place.

Question 28

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 28

Controls which molecules can get in and out of the cell.

Question 29

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 29

Respiration takes place to produce energy.

Question 30

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

Answer 30

Tough, rigid, supports cells.

Question 31

What does a vacuole store?

Answer 31

Stores cell sap.

Question 32

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 32

Contains chlorophyll to trap sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 33

What does a bacterial cell contain?

Answer 33

Contains circular loop of DNA (plasmid).

Question 34

What is the main job of a root hair cell?

Answer 34

To absorb water and mineral ions. ## Footnote Root hair cells have extensions to increase surface area for absorption.

Question 35

How is a root hair cell adapted for its job?

Answer 35

It has an extension (root hair) to increase its surface area. ## Footnote This adaptation enhances water and mineral ion absorption.

Question 36

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 36

To transport oxygen to the cells (for respiration). ## Footnote Red blood cells contain haemoglobin for oxygen transport.

Question 37

How is the structure of red blood cells adapted for their function?

Answer 37

Biconcave disc shape gives a large surface area and no nucleus. ## Footnote The absence of a nucleus allows more space for haemoglobin.

Question 38

What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 38

To move substances along a tube inside the body. ## Footnote Cilia can move independently in the same direction.

Question 39

Give an example of what ciliated epithelial cells help move.

Answer 39

Mucus along the trachea. ## Footnote This movement helps keep airways clear.

Question 40

What are cells considered in the context of living organisms?

Answer 40

The building blocks of living organisms. ## Footnote Cells combine to form tissues, organs, and systems.

Question 41

What is formed when cells of one type join together?

Answer 41

A tissue. ## Footnote Tissues are groups of similar cells working together.

Question 42

What is formed when different types of tissue combine?

Answer 42

An organ. ## Footnote Organs perform specific functions and consist of various tissues.

Question 43

What is the hierarchical structure that includes cells, tissues, organs, and systems?

Answer 43

Levels of Organization. ## Footnote This hierarchy illustrates how biological structures are organized.

Question 44

True or False: Organs can perform all tasks necessary for an organism.

Answer 44

False. ## Footnote Organs work together within systems to perform all necessary tasks.