respiratory system

Question 1

adaptions of alveoli

Answer 1

1. large surface area
2. thin walls
3. moist walls
4. permeable walls
5. extensive blood supply
6. a large diffusion gradient

Question 2

Gas exchange

Answer 2

The transfer of gases between an organism and the body environment.

Question 3

Breathing rate

Answer 3

The number of breaths taken each minute.

Question 4

Depth of breathing

Answer 4

The volume of air breathed during each breath.

Question 5

Recovery time

Answer 5

The time taken for the breathing rate to return to normal.

Question 6

Respiration occurs where?

Answer 6

In the mitochondria of cells in order to release energy from food molecules

Question 7

5 uses of energy in a living organism

Answer 7

1. To produce heat
2. Movement
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
5. Active transport

Question 8

Exothermic reactions

Answer 8

Releases energy

Question 9

For plants, where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 9

In the spongy mesophyll cells that surround the air spaces.

Question 10

Why are moist surfaces beneficial for gas exchange?

Answer 10

Gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gaseous exchange surface.

Question 11

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 11

Uses oxygen
Releases more energy than anaerobic respiration.

Question 12

Equation for Aerobic Respiration

Answer 12

Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

C6H1206 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 13

Anaerobic Respiration in Animals:

Answer 13

During vigorous exercise and your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles.

Not as much energy is produced so it can only be used for a short time.

Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing pain.

Question 14

Anaerobic Respiration in plants and yeast create the basis of…

Answer 14

Wine, beer, bread

Question 15

Equation for Anaerobic Respiration in animals

Answer 15

Glucose > Energy + Lactic Acid

Question 16

Equation for Anaerobic Respiration in plants and yeast

Answer 16

Glucose > Energy + Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

Question 17

Nasal Cavity

Answer 17

Air is warmed and filtered as it enters the body

Question 18

Trachea

Answer 18

Brings air into lungs. Supported by rings of cartilage that prevent it collapsing.

Question 19

Bronchus

Answer 19

Branches off the trachea to bring air into the lungs. Also supported by rings of cartilage.

Question 20

Bronchiole

Answer 20

Branch off the bronchi

Question 21

Alveoli

Answer 21

Small air sacs that are the site of gas exchange.

Question 22

Lung

Answer 22

Organ where gas exchange occurs

Question 23

Ribs

Answer 23

Protect internal organs of the thorax

Question 24

Thorax

Answer 24

Part of body between the neck and abdomen

Question 25

Intercostal muscles

Answer 25

Muscles between the ribs that aid breathing.

Question 26

Diaphragm

Answer 26

Sheet of muscle below ribs that aids breathing. Contracts to allow lungs to fill with oxygen.

Question 27

Pleural membranes

Answer 27

Thin layers that reduce friction between the lungs and the inside of the chest wall during breathing.

Question 28

Pleural Fluid

Answer 28

Fluid found in the pleural cavity. It further reduces friction during breathing.