food fitness and health Flashcards
(29 cards)
What does the term autotrophs mean?
Plants produce their own food by photosynthesis
Autotrophs are organisms that can create their own food from inorganic substances.
What are heterotrophs?
Animals that feed on complex organic substances and break them down into soluble substances during digestion
Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food and rely on other organisms.
What energy is made in cells by the chemical reaction?
Respiration
Respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy.
List the food groups needed for a balanced diet.
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fiber
- Water
A balanced diet includes a variety of nutrients necessary for health.
What are carbohydrates made from?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Carbohydrates are organic compounds essential for energy.
What is glucose?
A simple carbohydrate or monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6
Glucose is a primary energy source for cells.
What are disaccharides?
Carbohydrates made from two monosaccharides joined together
Examples include sucrose and lactose.
What are polysaccharides?
Complex carbohydrates formed when many simple sugars join together
Examples include starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
What are the characteristics of polysaccharides?
- Insoluble
- Do not taste sweet
Polysaccharides are used for energy storage and structural functions in organisms.
How much energy does 1g of carbohydrate release?
17 kJ
Carbohydrates are a significant source of energy for living organisms.
Name some foods rich in carbohydrates.
- Bread
- Pasta
- Rice
- Cereal
- Potatoes
- Porridge
These foods are staple sources of energy.
Which carbohydrate do plants store?
Starch
Starch is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants.
Which carbohydrate do animals store?
Glycogen
Glycogen serves as an energy reserve in animals.
What are fats made from?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Fats are essential macronutrients important for energy storage.
What is the structure of a fat molecule?
Made from 1 glycerol molecule and 3 long fatty acid molecules
This structure allows fats to perform various biological functions.
Give examples of fats and oils.
- Meat
- Dairy (butter, milk, cheese)
- Olive oil
- Vegetable oil
- Sunflower oil
- Rapeseed oil
Fats and oils are important sources of energy and essential fatty acids.
What can fats be used for in the body?
Energy source
1g of fat releases 39kJ of energy during respiration.
Why do cells use carbohydrates before fats?
Because the chemical reactions needed to release energy from fats are long and complicated.
Where are fats stored in the body?
Below the skin
Fats provide insulation from the cold and protection for delicate organs.
What are oils?
Fats that are liquids at room temperature.
What elements are proteins made up of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids.
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20.
What causes proteins to differ from each other?
Unique sequence and number of amino acids.
