Cells Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are Prokaryotic Cells? (2)
They are simple cells(1) lacking membrane bound organelles(1).
What differs between the position of DNA in Prokaryotes(2) and Eukaryotes(1)?
In prokaryotes, DNA is circular(1) and lies free in the cytoplasm(1).
In eukaryotes, DNA is found in the nucleus(1).
Where is the site of respiration in Prokaryotes?
Infoldings of the cell membrane(1) called mesosomes(1).
What is each Virus particle made up of?(2)
A core of nucleic acid(1) surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid(1).
What is a Tissue?(1)
A tissue is a number of cells that have differentiated in the same way(1) e.g. Muscle tissue.
What is an Organ?(1)
An organ is a group of tissues that combine/work together(1) e.g. the heart.
What is a System?(1)
A system is a number of organs that work together(1) e.g. The digestive system.
What is a Organism?(1)
An organism is made up of a number of different systems that work together(1).
What is cuboidal epithelium(1) and where might it be found(1)?
Used for metabolic processes such as active uptake(1). It can be found in kidney tubules(1).
What is cilliated epithelium?(2) and where might it be found(1)?
Columnar shape with free surface covered in cilia(1) rhythmic beating of cilia moves the contents of the tube they line in one direction only(1). It can be found in the respiratory tract(1).
What is the function of collagen connective tissue?
Its found in tendons(1) and is non-extensive, so can transmit force(1). With some elastin fibers, elasticity can be increased and be used for ligaments(1).
What is the function of the Nucleus(2)?
To control the cells activities(1) and to retain the chromosomes(1).
What is the Nucleolus(3)?
A small spherical body(1) thought to make ribosomal RNA (1) and assemble ribosomes(1).
What is the Nuclear Envelope(3)?
It is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus(1). Also has pores in it to allow the transport of messenger RNA(1) and Nucleotides(1).
Describe the structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(4)…
A system of parallel flattened sacs called cisternae(1), which are continuous with the nuclear membrane(1) and may link to the golgi body(1). The membranes are lined with ribosomes(1).
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?(2)
Concerned with protein synthesis(1) as a transport system(1).
Whats the difference between the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?(1)
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum’s membranes lack ribosomes(1).
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?(2)
It is concerned with the synthesis(1) and transport of lipids(1).
What is the function of the Golgi Body/Apparatus?(3)
It modifies(1) and packages proteins(1) ready for secretion by a vesicle budding off at the end(1).
What are Ribosomes made up of?(2)
Made of Ribosomal RNA(1) and Proteins(1).
Describe the structure of Mitochondria(5)….
They are bound by a double membrane(1) separated by a narrow fluid-filled inter-membrane space(1). The inner membrane is folded inwards to form cristae(1) which increases surface area. The interior contains a organic matrix(1) where aerobic respiration chemical reactions take place(1).
What is the function of the Mitochondria?(2)
To carry out aerobic respiration chemical reactions within a cells(1) to produce ATP(1).
What are Lysosomes?(2)
They are membrane lined vesicles(1) that contain digestive enzymes(1).
What is the function of Lysosomes?(1)
To destroy worn out organelles within a cell(1).
