Cells!

Question 1

PH

Answer 1

Concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 2

Acids

Answer 2

Solutes that add hydrogen ions

Proton donor

Question 3

Base

Answer 3

Solutes that remove hydrogen ions

Question 4

Buffers

Answer 4

Weak acids that help balance PH

Ex. Carbonic acid H2CO3

Question 5

NaOH +HCl

Answer 5

NaCl + H2O

Question 6

4 organic molecules found in humans

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Main way to store sugar in animals

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Main way to store sugar in plants

Question 9

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 9

Remain solid at room temp and have single covalent bond between carbon

Question 10

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 10

Remain liquid, double covalent bonds between carbon

Question 11

What is the function of fatty acids

Answer 11

Energy source, insulation, protection

Question 12

Steroids

Answer 12

Cholesterol gives placidity to cell membrane and maintains shape

Question 13

Phospholipid

Answer 13

All membranes are made of two layers
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails

Question 14

What is proteins most abundant source of energy

Answer 14

Nitrogen

Question 15

All enzymes are

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

All chemical reactions are regulated by what

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

Primary structure

Answer 17

Chain of acids

Question 18

Secondary structure

Answer 18

Alpha forms spirals

beta forms pleats

Question 19

Tertiary structure

Answer 19

Coiling and folding back onto themselves

Question 20

Quarternary structure

Answer 20

Looks like tertiary with more folding

Ex collagen and hemoglobin

Question 21

Cofactors

Answer 21

Ions or vitamins that bind to enzymes to make them functional

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Located exclusively in the nucleus and holds codes for proteins only

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

Makes a copy of DNA and synthesizes proteins
Located in nucleus and cytoplasm
Single strand

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

Holds our genetic code
Located only in the nucleus
2 stands

Question 25

What are the 3 types of RNA and where are the located

Answer 25

mRNA (messenger) synthesis in nucleus and comes out into cytoplasm tRNA (transfer) cytoplasm rRNA (ribosomal) cytoplasm

Question 26

Nitrogenous base pairing in DNA

Answer 26

Adenine- thymine | Guanine- cytosine

Question 27

Nitrogenous pairing with RNA

Answer 27

Adenine-uracil | Guanine- cytosine

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

The process of releasing a synthesized product

Question 29

Nucleus

Answer 29

Contains DNA | Function: genetic code

Question 30

ER

Answer 30

Protein synthesis in rough ER and protein modification

Question 31

Golgi apparatus

Answer 31

Transport and lipid synthesis

Question 32

Mitochondria

Answer 32

ATP synthesis

Question 33

Centrisome/ centrioles

Answer 33

Cell division

Question 34

Ribosomes

Answer 34

Protein making structures

Question 35

Cell membrane

Answer 35

Protection and semi permeability

Question 36

Villi

Answer 36

Increase surface area

Question 37

Cilia

Answer 37

Usually one or two | Function is movement

Question 38

Flagella

Answer 38

Just one, function is movement

Question 39

Cytoplasm

Answer 39

Jello like mass in cell

Question 40

Nucleoli

Answer 40

Most active part of nucleus | DNA is folded very tightly with help of histones

Question 41

Chromatin

Answer 41

DNA together with histones

Question 42

Chromosomes

Answer 42

Chromatin folded together

Question 43

Cytoskeleton

Answer 43

Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Structural proteins for shape and strength

Question 44

Cytoplasm

Answer 44

Intercellular fluid | High in potassium and low in sodium

Question 45

Transcription

Answer 45

The process of making mRNA using DNA as a template

Question 46

Translation

Answer 46

Process where proteins are synthesized using mRNA as a template in the cytoplasm