Muscle Tissues

Question 1

3 layers of muscle connective tissue

Answer 1

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Question 2

Epimysium

Answer 2

On top
Exterior collagen layer
Connected to deep facia
Separates muscle from surrounding tissue

Question 3

Perimysium

Answer 3

Inside the muscle it’s self

Surrounds muscle fibers and contains blood vessel and nerve

Question 4

Endomysium

Answer 4

Surrounds individual cell

Contains capillaries and nerve fibers and myosatellite cells

Question 5

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 5

Very long
Many nuclei
Striated

Question 6

Sacrolemma

Answer 6

Plasma membrane of muscle fiber that surrounds sacroplasm

It has transmembrane potential

Question 7

Transverse tubules

T tubules

Answer 7

Action potentials travel through them to trigger muscle contraction

Question 8

Myofibrils

Answer 8

Made up of myofilaments that are responsible for skeletal muscle contraction

Question 9

Thin filaments

Answer 9

Made up of actin

Question 10

Thick filaments

Answer 10

Made up of myosin

Question 11

Sarcomeres

Answer 11

Smallest functional unit of muscle fiber

Question 12

Triad

Answer 12

T tubules and SR form this

Question 13

A band of sarcomere

Answer 13

Myosin— thick filament

Dark in color

Question 14

I band of sarcomere

Answer 14

Actin thin filament

Light in color

Question 15

Thin filament contains G actin

Answer 15

This molecule contains active site where myosin can bind

During resting tropomysin covers the sites

Question 16

Tropomyosin

Answer 16

Attaches the actin and there can be no contraction

Question 17

Troponin

Answer 17

Gets tropomyosin off of actin

Question 18

Cross bridges

Answer 18

During contraction myosin heads pull actin

Question 19

Depolarization

Answer 19

Influx of sodium ions— the membrane potential becomes LESS negative

Question 20

Hyper polarization

Answer 20

The movement of potassium ions out of the cell—- the membrane potential becomes MORE negative

Question 21

Action potential

Answer 21

Only travels one way

Question 22

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Answer 22

Communication between neurons and muscle fiber

Made up of axon terminal, motor end plate and synaptic cleft

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

Neurotransmitter that changes the permeability of plasma membrane

Question 24

Concentric contraction

Answer 24

Muscle tension exceeds the load and muscle shortens

Question 25

Eccentric contraction

Answer 25

The peak tension developed is less than the load. The muscle elongates due to the contraction of another muscle or the pull of gravity

Question 26

Isometric contraction

Answer 26

Muscle doesn’t change length and the tension produced never exceeds the load

Question 27

Fascicles

Answer 27

Muscle fibers organized in bundles

Question 28

Tendon

Answer 28

Connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 29

Four patterns of fascicle organization

Answer 29

Parallel Convergent Pennate Circular

Question 30

Parallel muscles

Answer 30

Fibers are parallel to the long axis of muscle | Ex biceps brachii

Question 31

Convergent muscles

Answer 31

A broad area converges in attachment site | Ex pectoralis major or minor

Question 32

Pennate muscles

Answer 32

Form an angle with tendon and do not move as far as parallel muscles

Question 33

Unipennate

Answer 33

Fibers on one side of the tendon | Ex extensor digitorum

Question 34

Bipennate

Answer 34

Fibers on both sides of the tendon | Ex rectus femoris

Question 35

Multipennate

Answer 35

Tendon branches within muscle | Ex deltoid

Question 36

Circular muscles

Answer 36

Sphincters Open as close to guard entrances of body Ex orbicularis oris

Question 37

Origin

Answer 37

The fixed end of the muscle that attaches to bone, cartilage, or connective tissue

Question 38

Insertion

Answer 38

The site where the moveable end attaches to another structure

Question 39

Muscles involved in chewing

Answer 39

Temporalis Masseter Pterygoid

Question 40

Muscle that does flextion

Answer 40

Biceps brachii

Question 41

Muscle that does extension

Answer 41

Triceps brachii

Question 42

Muscle that does pronation

Answer 42

Pronator quadratus

Question 43

Muscle that does supination

Answer 43

Supinator

Question 44

Muscle that does abduction

Answer 44

Supraspinatus

Question 45

Muscle that does adduction

Answer 45

Pectoralis major

Question 46

Steps of muscle contraction

Answer 46

``` Active site exposure Cross bridge attachment Pivoting Cross bridge detachment Myosin activation ```

Question 47

Incomplete tetanus

Answer 47

Muscle produces peak tension soon during rapid contraction and relaxation

Question 48

Complete tetanus

Answer 48

All motor units in muscle contraction

Question 49

Treppe

Answer 49

Muscle is stimulated a second time before relaxation phase has ended

Question 50

Elevation of pelvic girdle

Answer 50

Iliopsoas

Question 51

Elevation of scapula

Answer 51

Levator scapulae

Question 52

Flextion of semi supinated forearm

Answer 52

Brachioradalis

Question 53

Medial rotation of humerus

Answer 53

Lattissimus Dorsi

Question 54

Lateral rotation of thigh

Answer 54

Quadratus femoris

Question 55

Extension of neck

Answer 55

Sternocleidomastoid