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Tissues! Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

Physical protection
Control permeability
Sensation
Produce specialized secretions

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2
Q

Function of connective tissues

A

Fills internal spaces
Supports other tissues
Transports materials
Stores energy

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3
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

Contraction

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4
Q

Function of neural tissue

A

Carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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5
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A 
Cell junctions 
Polarity
Attachment( basement membrane or basal lamina) 
Avascularity 
Regeneration
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6
Q

Apical surfaces
Microvilla
Cilia

A

Increase absorption or secretion

Move fluid

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7
Q

Tight junctions

A

Very strong between two plasma membranes. Prevents passage of water and solutes

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8
Q

Gap junctions

A

Holes between neighbor cells
Allows rapid communication
Allows ions to pass

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9
Q

Spot desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

A

Tie cells together and allow bending and twisting

Attach cells to basement membrane

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion
Mesothelium lines body cavities
Endothelium lines heart and blood vessels

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11
Q

Stratified squamous epithelia

A

Protects against attack

Keratin protein adds strength and water resistance

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelia

A

Secretion and absorption

Found in kidneys and kidney tubules

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Allow stretching and recoiling

Found in urinary bladder

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

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15
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Has cilia movement and every cell is attached to basal membrane

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16
Q

Glandular epithelia

A

Endocrine- no ducts, releases hormones into circulation

Exocrine- produces secretion into environment through ducts

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17
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

Cell remained undisturbed

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18
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

Top of cell is released with secretion

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19
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

While cell is destroyed

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20
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Structural framework for body 
Transport fluids and dissolved material 
Protection of organs 
Support of other tissues
Storing energy reserves 
Defending body from invading organisms
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21
Q

3 characteristics of connective tissue

A

Specialized cells
Solid extra cellular protein fibers
Fluid extra cellular ground substance

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22
Q

Classification of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper- connnect and protect
Fluid connective tissue- transport
Supporting connective tissue- structural strength

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23
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Are the main cells that make up connective tissue proper

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24
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells that are connective tissue

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25
Connective tissue fibers
Collagen- strongest Reticular- framework Elastic- stretch and fold back
26
Collagen fibers
Long straight and unbranched | Ex. Tendons and ligaments
27
Reticular fibers
Resist force, stabilize cells and structures | Ex. Sheaths around organs
28
Loose connective tissue
Bubble wrap of body Areolar Adipose Reticular
29
Aponeuroses
Type of dense regular connective tissue that attach in sheets to large flat muscles
30
Fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph. | Contains plasma interstitial fluid and lymph
31
Lymph
Contains immune cells called lymphocytes. | Function is protection
32
Fluid tissue transport systems
Cardiovascular system- 02 +nutrients | Lymphatic system- protection
33
Cartilage
Type of supporting connective tissue Function is shock absorption and protection Gel type ground substance with random lacunae Avascular
34
Bone
Type of supporting connective tissue Calcified with central organized lacunae Function is weight support
35
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cells surrounded by lacunae
36
Types of cartilage
Hyaline Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage
37
Hyaline cartilage
Covers bones | Found in synovial joints
38
Elastic cartilage
Supportive but bends easily | Found in external ear and epiglottis
39
Fibrocartilage
Limits movement | Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs
40
Osteocytes
Bone cells in lacunae
41
Periosteum
Covers bone surface and contains nerve ending and osteoblasts(cells that can divide)
42
Types of membranes
Mucous Serous Cutaneous Synovial
43
Mucous membranes
Line passageways that have external connection Reduce friction and facilitate absorption and excretion Found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
44
Serous membranes
Have visceral portion(serosa) covering organs | Function is to reduce friction
45
Three types of serous membranes
Plura- covers lungs Peritoneum- covers abdominal organs Pericardium- covers heart
46
Cutaneous membrane
Stratified squamous epithelium(skin) | Function protection and sensation
47
Synovial membrane
Line moving joint cavities | Produce synovial fluid and protect ends of bones
48
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue Smooth muscle tissue
49
Skeletal muscles cells
Fibers containing many nuclei | Non-dividing
50
Cardiac muscle cells
Called cardiocytes | Form branching networks connected at intercalated discs connected by tight and gap junctions
51
Smooth muscle cells
No striations found in walls of hollow organs
52
Functions of neural tissue
Conduct electrical impulses- stimuli Sense internal or external environment Process info and control responses Found in brain and spinal cord
53
Types of neural cells
Neurons | Neurolgia
54
Function of neurons
Perform electrical communication
55
Function of neurolgia
Support, repair, and supply nutrients to neurons, perform phagocytosis, regulate composition of interstitial fluid around neurons
56
Cell parts of a neuron
Body Dendrites- short Axon- Long
57
6 types of neurolgia
``` Microglia Astrocytes Epindemial cells Olygodendrocytes Schwann cells Saltelite cells ```
58
Microglia
Inside brain | Function is phagocytosis
59
Astrocytes
Inside brain | Function is blood brain barrier
60
Epindermial cells
Inside the brain | Found in brain ventricles
61
Olygodendrocytes
Found inside the brain | Wrapping axons inside brain
62
Schwann cells
Outside brain | Wrapping of axons outside of brain

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