Chapt 3 Cells Flashcards
(46 cards)
Ribsomes
Non membranous organelle, made up of RNA, function protein synthesis
Proteasomes
Non membranous organelle, function breakdown and recycling of damaged or misshapen proteins
ER
Membranous organelle
RER, ribosomes attached, makes proteins
SER, tubes, makes lipids and carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus
Membranous organelle
ER passes protein molecules in transport vesicles to Golgi apparatus for processing and packaging for export
In exocytosis what vesicles pinches off and moves to plasma membrane
Secretory vesicles
Lysosomes
Membranous organelle
Breaks down worn out proteins, known as the garbage disposal
Mitochondria
Membranous organelle
(2 membranes)
Extract energy from food molecules and uses it to make energy
During electronic transport system, cellular respiration produces 36 molecules of ATP..
34 from rest of pathway
Nucleus
Controls activities of cell
I.e. Gene action and cell division
2 membranes
Nucleoplasm
Contains nuclear matrix, RNA, DNA
DNA
Relaxed when not dividing, while dividing could tighten up and appear rod like
Consists of 46 chromosomes (23 pair)
Passive transport mechanisms
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Diffusion
Molecules that Move from high to low concentration and stops when evenly dispersed
Osmosis
Diffusion of h20 through a selectively permeable membrane from high concentration to low to create equal molecules to both parts
Facilitated diffusion-channel mediated passive transport
Gated channels which are specific which are triggered by voltage, mechanical stimuli, chemical stimuli, light.
Facilitated diffusion- carrier mediated passive transport
Specific, binding changes shape of carrier
Active transport process
ATP driving force, uses transport pumps and vesicles moves from low to high concentration and only works with energy
Secondary active transport
1) facilitated diffusion
2) active transport w ATP
Transport by vesicles
Allows bulk transport movement of material
Explain endocytosis
Plasma membrane traps extra cellular material and brings it into cell
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Receptor mediated endocytosis
More selective gets triggered by signal to cell
2 basic forms of receptor mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
-Fuse with lysosomes and digest cell or fluid
Exocytosis
Reverse of endocytosis,, vesicles formed within cell fuses with plasma membrane and released from the cell
