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Immunology > Cells of Immune System > Flashcards

Cells of Immune System Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

where do the cells of the immune system circulate

A

bloodstream

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2
Q

where do the cells of immune syst migrate

A

into tissues to detect foreign antigens

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3
Q

where do cells of immune syst accumulate

A

in specialised organs - develop and differentiate

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4
Q

what do all cells f immune syst derive form

A

haemopoetic stem cell

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5
Q

what can happen to haemopoetic stem cell

A

diff to

  • common lymphoid precursor
  • megakaryocyte
  • granulocyte
  • mast cell
  • monocyte
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6
Q

what happens to a common lymphoid precursor

A

to T b or NK

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7
Q

what are the cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues

A

macrophage interdigitating and dendritic –> ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

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8
Q

what happens to mgakaryocytehs

A

break to platelets used to clot blood

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9
Q

where are B cells from

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

where are T cells from

A

thymus

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11
Q

how many lymphocytes in blood

A

2 x 10(^6)/ml

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12
Q

what are lymphocytes involved in

A

recognition and effector functions toward antigens

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13
Q

what does the myeloid lineage of leucocytes compose of

A

granulocytes

monocytes

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14
Q

how many granulocytes in blood

A

9 x 10(^6)/ml

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15
Q

how long do granulocytes last

A

short lived (2-3 days)

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16
Q

what are the granulocytes and quantity

A

neutrophils (60-70%)
eosinophils (2-5%)
basophils (0.2%)

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17
Q

what are granulocytes involved in

A

effector functions toward antigens

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18
Q

how many monocytes in blood

A

1 x 10(^5)/ml

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19
Q

what are monocytes involved in

A

recognition and effector functions

remove particulate matter e.g. microbes or aged RBC

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20
Q

how are mast cells related to basophils

A

overlap in function, distinction of how they arise and where situated

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21
Q

where are mast cells found

A

in tissue whilst basophils in blood

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22
Q

what do granules of a neutrophil contain

A

lysosomes

secondary granules with lactoferrin and lysozyme

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23
Q

what are lysosomes

A

acid hydrolyses, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, defensins

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24
Q

what is the nucleus like in a neutrophil

A

multi lobular

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25
what do neutrophils do
adhere to endo cells lining blood vessels and squeeze between them to leave circulation and enter tissues - DIAPEDESIS
26
what are neutrophils predominant role
phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens
27
what does lysozyme do
break down cell walls
28
what does lactoferrin do
holds iron which can be used by cell later, microbes may need iron to grow
29
what si the nucleus like of eosinophils
bilobed nucleus
30
what does the crystalloid core of granule contain
major basic protein - potent toxin for helminth worms cationic protein derived neurotoxin
31
what happens when granules activated
opened | killing of large pathogens
32
how many basophils in circualtion
in very small nums
33
what triggers basophils
allergens to release the contents of their granules --> allergic response
34
what kind of nucleus does basophils have
segmented nucleus | large cytoplasmic granules
35
what do basophils contain
histamine and leukotrienes = allergic reaction
36
what is the nucleus like in a monocyte
takes up majority of cell cyto horseshoe shaped
37
what do lysosomes in monocyte contain
peroxidase and acid hydrolyses - imp for killing phagocytose microorganisms
38
where are kupffer cells found
in liver
39
where are mesangial cells found
kidney
40
where are alveolar macrophages found
lungs
41
where are microglial cells found
brain
42
where are sinus macrophages found
spleen, lymph nodes
43
where are serosal macrophages found
peritoneal cavity
44
how long do cells of mononuclear phagocyte system last
long lived (month or years)
45
what is major function of cells of mononuclear phagocyte system
disposal of microbes and dead body cells through phagocytosis
46
what are the accessory cells
platelets antigen presenting cells mast cells endothelial cells
47
how many platelets in blood
5 x 10(^9).ml
48
what are platelets involved in
blood clotting and inflam
49
what do antigen presenting cells do
present antigen to T cells
50
what do mast cells do
structurally and functionally similar to basophils - in CT and close to mucosal surfaces
51
what do endothelial cells do
receptors recognise certain lymphocytes - control lymphocyte traffic and distribution
52
what do APC's produce
cytokines and present antigens to t cells
53
what is key role of lymphocytes
role in cellular and humoral immunity | circulate body
54
where lymphocytes found
blood, lymph and specialised tissues
55
how long do lymphocytes last
long lived - memory cells
56
what does removal of lymphocytes result in
inability to produce antibody | inability to carry out cellular immunity
57
what does the spleen protect against
blood bourne antigens
58
what lymphoid organs react to antigens in lymph entering via skin/mucosal surface
lymph node | mesenteric lymph node
59
what lymphoid organs recat to antigens entering via mucosal surfaces
waldezyers ring lymphoid nodules peyeres patches urogenital lymphoid tissue
60
what is differentiation controlled by
specific growth factors
61
what do the common lymphoid precursors diff to
25% - bone marrow B cells 60% - thymus T cells 15% - NK cells
62
what are monoclonal antibodies used for
study cells surfaces
63
what are cell markers sp to
one antigenic determinant
64
what do cell markers who when studying immune system
cluster of differentiation
65
what are CD marker on helper T cells
CD3 | CD4
66
what are CD markers on cytotoxic T cells
CD3 | CD8
67
what are CD markers on B cells
CD19 | CD20
68
what are CD markers on NK cells
CD16
69
what is on all T cell surfaces of CD harder
CD3
70
why is specificity acquired in 1 lymphoid organs
education to distinguish self/non-self
71
when do B and T cells no function
when not activated
72
when does activation of Ba nd T cells occur
on meeting antigen binding to ti by antigen receptor
73
what do b cells diff to
plasma cells | have a lot of rER factories for making lg
74
what do t cells diff to
activated Tc no rER have granules containing proteins involved in killing activated Th develop ability to prod GF's or lymphokines
75
what does clonal expression produce
more activated cells and memory cells gives more rapid, effective response
76
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes spleen MALT
77
what happens in secondary lymphoid organs
immune response occurs here | lymphocytes and APC brought together
78
what roles of pahogocytic cells derived cels from monocytes
phagocytosis conc of antigen processing and present antigen to t cells secretion GF's and cytokines
79
for an immune response need
cooperation between B, T, and APC
80
what does a immune response require
cell to cell contact | secretion of cytokines

Immunology (10 decks)

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