Introduction

Question 1

what si he need fro an immune system

Answer 1

protection against microorganisms

protection from cancer

Question 2

what are some infectious organisms

Answer 2

bacteria - mycobac, s.cocci
viruses- polio, HIV
Fungi- candida
protozoans- malaria 
worms- tapeworms

Question 3

what is a way of describing the immune system

Answer 3

multi lead protected from variety of diseases

Question 4

what is the immune systems overlapping capacity

Answer 4

if org invades one part the other pars kick in

Question 5

how many diff viruses, bac, protozoans, worms are there

Answer 5

viruses - 208
bac - 538
protozoans - 57
worms - 287

Question 6

what are the two major systems of immunity

Answer 6

innate and adaptive

work together and cooperate

Question 7

what are the physical barriers of inane immunity

Answer 7

imperm outer surface - skin, epi

cilia in nasla passie and bronchi

Question 8

what are the chemical barriers of innate immune cyst

Answer 8

acidity of stomach
alkaline secretions
lysosome in tears

Question 9

what are some biological barriers of the innate cyst

Answer 9

comp with commensal organisms

Question 10

what does commensal mean

Answer 10

harmless

Question 11

what are the mechanics of the innate immune system in GI tract

Answer 11

most pathogens destroyed by low pH of stomach

few pathogens reach bowel compete with millions gut bacteria

Question 12

what is innate immunity

Answer 12

first line of defence

Question 13

when is innate immunity present

Answer 13

from birth

Question 14

how does innate syst respond

Answer 14

rapidly

Question 15

does the innate immune syst have specificity or memory

Answer 15

no and no

Question 16

what can the innate immune system be described as

Answer 16

barriers, soluble factors, cells

Question 17

what are some innate system barriers

Answer 17

low pH and commensals in vagina
flush urinary tract and acidity of urine
bronchi mucus and cilia

Question 18

what are some cells involved in innate immunity

Answer 18

phagocytes
NK cells
eosinophils

Question 19

what are some phagocytes

Answer 19

monocytes
macrophages
neutrophils

Question 20

what are NK cells

Answer 20

kill tumour cells and virally infected cells

Question 21

what are eosinophils

Answer 21

attack and kill parasites

Question 22

what re the soluble factors of the innate immunity

Answer 22

lysosome
complement
cytokines particularly interferons
acute phase proteins

Question 23

what si the cooperation of innate immunity

Answer 23

components of innate system act together

also coop with adaptive immunity

Question 24

what is complement

Answer 24

complicated system

efficient way kill pathogens

Question 25

what are cytokines

Answer 25

varied group molecules | capable of signalling between immune cells, trigger loads diff effects, inflam reaction

Question 26

what is an interferon

Answer 26

type of cytokine

Question 27

what are acute phase proteins

Answer 27

used conc go up when have infection markers of infection but there to help coord a response

Question 28

what is adaptive immune system

Answer 28

slow to start - lag phase | adaptive - tailored response

Question 29

is the adaptive system specific or have memory

Answer 29

highly sp and has memory recon self and non-self

Question 30

what are the components that work in concert with each other for adaptive system

Answer 30

humoral an cellular

Question 31

what is humoral immunity

Answer 31

antibodies - IgA | sp protiens prod by immune system used ag pathogens

Question 32

what produces antibodies

Answer 32

B lymphocytes

Question 33

what is the cellular immunity of the adaptive immunity mediated by

Answer 33

lymphocytes which reg sp antigens

Question 34

what are the types of lymphocytes

Answer 34

B | T

Question 35

what are the types of T lymphocytes

Answer 35

helper T cells - prod antibodies cytotoxic- destroy own cells which have been infected with virus

Question 36

what si the difference between 1st (primary) response and 2nd

Answer 36

primary - slow vaccination mock disease secondary - rapid, alor more antibody prod

Question 37

what are the pioneers of vaccination

Answer 37

edward jenner | pasteur

Question 38

what is smallpox

Answer 38

acute contagious disease caused by variola virus

Question 39

what s the effect of vaccination

Answer 39

vast decrease of cases

Question 40

what are the to main roles of immune system

Answer 40

recognition - identify substance/body as foreign effector function-removes foreign invader

Question 41

what is an antigen

Answer 41

any substance which elicits an immune response

Question 42

what si the portion recognised by antigen determinants

Answer 42

epitope or antigenic determinant

Question 43

what are microorganisms made up of

Answer 43

many macromolecules, each may be antigenic. each macromolecule will contain many antigenic determinants

Question 44

what recognise antigen determinant

Answer 44

antibodies - humoral | T cells - cellular

Question 45

what are some types f antigen

Answer 45

``` proteins carbs nucleic acids lips drugs inorganic molecules ```