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Immunology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

what si he need fro an immune system

A

protection against microorganisms

protection from cancer

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2
Q

what are some infectious organisms

A 
bacteria - mycobac, s.cocci
viruses- polio, HIV
Fungi- candida
protozoans- malaria 
worms- tapeworms
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3
Q

what is a way of describing the immune system

A

multi lead protected from variety of diseases

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4
Q

what is the immune systems overlapping capacity

A

if org invades one part the other pars kick in

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5
Q

how many diff viruses, bac, protozoans, worms are there

A

viruses - 208
bac - 538
protozoans - 57
worms - 287

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6
Q

what are the two major systems of immunity

A

innate and adaptive

work together and cooperate

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7
Q

what are the physical barriers of inane immunity

A

imperm outer surface - skin, epi

cilia in nasla passie and bronchi

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8
Q

what are the chemical barriers of innate immune cyst

A

acidity of stomach
alkaline secretions
lysosome in tears

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9
Q

what are some biological barriers of the innate cyst

A

comp with commensal organisms

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10
Q

what does commensal mean

A

harmless

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11
Q

what are the mechanics of the innate immune system in GI tract

A

most pathogens destroyed by low pH of stomach

few pathogens reach bowel compete with millions gut bacteria

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12
Q

what is innate immunity

A

first line of defence

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13
Q

when is innate immunity present

A

from birth

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14
Q

how does innate syst respond

A

rapidly

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15
Q

does the innate immune syst have specificity or memory

A

no and no

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16
Q

what can the innate immune system be described as

A

barriers, soluble factors, cells

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17
Q

what are some innate system barriers

A

low pH and commensals in vagina
flush urinary tract and acidity of urine
bronchi mucus and cilia

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18
Q

what are some cells involved in innate immunity

A

phagocytes
NK cells
eosinophils

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19
Q

what are some phagocytes

A

monocytes
macrophages
neutrophils

20
Q

what are NK cells

A

kill tumour cells and virally infected cells

21
Q

what are eosinophils

A

attack and kill parasites

22
Q

what re the soluble factors of the innate immunity

A

lysosome
complement
cytokines particularly interferons
acute phase proteins

23
Q

what si the cooperation of innate immunity

A

components of innate system act together

also coop with adaptive immunity

24
Q

what is complement

A

complicated system

efficient way kill pathogens

25
Q

what are cytokines

A

varied group molecules

capable of signalling between immune cells, trigger loads diff effects, inflam reaction

26
Q

what is an interferon

A

type of cytokine

27
Q

what are acute phase proteins

A

used conc go up when have infection markers of infection but there to help coord a response

28
Q

what is adaptive immune system

A

slow to start - lag phase

adaptive - tailored response

29
Q

is the adaptive system specific or have memory

A

highly sp and has memory

recon self and non-self

30
Q

what are the components that work in concert with each other for adaptive system

A

humoral an cellular

31
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

antibodies - IgA

sp protiens prod by immune system used ag pathogens

32
Q

what produces antibodies

A

B lymphocytes

33
Q

what is the cellular immunity of the adaptive immunity mediated by

A

lymphocytes which reg sp antigens

34
Q

what are the types of lymphocytes

A

B

T

35
Q

what are the types of T lymphocytes

A

helper T cells - prod antibodies

cytotoxic- destroy own cells which have been infected with virus

36
Q

what si the difference between 1st (primary) response and 2nd

A

primary - slow vaccination mock
disease

secondary - rapid, alor more antibody prod

37
Q

what are the pioneers of vaccination

A

edward jenner

pasteur

38
Q

what is smallpox

A

acute contagious disease caused by variola virus

39
Q

what s the effect of vaccination

A

vast decrease of cases

40
Q

what are the to main roles of immune system

A

recognition - identify substance/body as foreign

effector function-removes foreign invader

41
Q

what is an antigen

A

any substance which elicits an immune response

42
Q

what si the portion recognised by antigen determinants

A

epitope or antigenic determinant

43
Q

what are microorganisms made up of

A

many macromolecules, each may be antigenic. each macromolecule will contain many antigenic determinants

44
Q

what recognise antigen determinant

A

antibodies - humoral

T cells - cellular

45
Q

what are some types f antigen

A 
proteins 
carbs 
nucleic acids 
lips
drugs
inorganic molecules

Immunology (10 decks)

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