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Immunology > Lymphocyte Function > Flashcards

Lymphocyte Function Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

antigen specific

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2
Q

how is specificity achieved

A

by antigen receptor on cell surface

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3
Q

what is the b cell receptor

A

cell surface antibody

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4
Q

what are the T cell receptor

A

t cell receptor (TCR)

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5
Q

what do both T and B cels have

A

many variants each with different specificity

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6
Q

what are cells of the same specificity

A

are a clone

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7
Q

what are immunoglobulins sun and secreted by

A

B cells

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8
Q

what must happen for Ig secreetion

A

activation by binding antigen

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9
Q

what happens when activated

A

differentiate into plasma cells

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10
Q

what si the antigen receptor on B cels

A

antibody that the b cell is programmed to make

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11
Q

what happens when an antigen binds

A

clonal expansion and differentiation

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12
Q

what are Ab encoded by

A

multiple genes segments

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13
Q

what encodes VH domains

A

V-ariable
D-iversity
J-oining
GENES

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14
Q

what encodes the VL domains

A

V-ariable
J-oining
GENES

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15
Q

what encodes constant domains

A

C-onstant

GENES

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16
Q

in a heavy chains what is there

A

V - 50 segs
D - 25 segs
J - 6 segs

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17
Q

what are he first Ab to be encoded

A

IgM then IgD

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18
Q

what is done to influence Ab diversity

A

segments aligned and intevreiennig segment spliced and lost - irreversible

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19
Q

what happens after the B cell DNA is spliced

Study These Flashcards
A 
transcription 
= primary RNA 
splicing again 
=mRNA
translation 
= Chain polypeptide
20
Q

how is additional diversity added by b cell

Study These Flashcards
A

into mutations into this region

21
Q

how do Kappa light chains differ from heavy chinas

Study These Flashcards
A

just V and J segments

all kappa

22
Q

what is found downstream of kappa light chains

Study These Flashcards
A

constant kappa region

23
Q

what do all B cells begin making

24
Q

what is class switching

Study These Flashcards
A

memory cells produce IgG, IgA, IgE with same specificity

25
what do T cell indept antigens produce
only small amount of IgM Ab
26
what does Ab responses mostly require to help
T cells
27
what are some characteristics fro T cell receptor
on t cell surface recog antigen structurally related to Immunoglobulin V, D, J, C genes encoding V and C regions bind to antigenic peptide assc with MHC
28
what si TCR similar to
Fab fragment of antibody but not identical
29
what does each T cell have on its surface
about 30, 000 TCR
30
what are the TCR polypeptide chains
alpha and beta chains
31
what links TCR polypeptide chains
disulphide bonds
32
what do majority T cells have
alpha/beta TCR
33
what does the minority of T cells have
alternative struct similar but is gamma/delta T cells
34
whats typical TCR structure
3D V - alpha V - beta have hypevaribale loops or CDR's
35
what are the hypervraible loops repsonsisbelfor
detecting antigenic peptide in combination with MHC
36
how does MHC class I and TCR bind
peptide from virally infected cell to top of MHC class I and detected by TCR
37
on helmet T cells associated wth
CD 3 | CD 4
38
on cytotoxic T cells TCR assc with
CD 3 | CD 8
39
what si the TCR complex composed of
TCR - alpha nd beta chinas | CD 3 - gamma, epsilon and zeta chains
40
what si CD 4 structure like
4 globular domains
41
what is CD 8 structure like
bulb
42
what des pairing of accessory molecules do
stabilises interaction and provides co stimulaiton
43
what does t helper cels do after binding to antigen
cells secrete growth factors (cytokines) which control immune response act locally
44
how do cytokines coordination the response
t helper cells produce interferon | APC release interleukin or other growth factor
45
what do cytokines do
control and coord immune response favour macrophage activation and cell mediated responses stimulate B cells to prod Ab
46
what is cell mediated cytotoxicity
release perforins form pores in target cell release other damaging enzymes release cytokines

Immunology (10 decks)

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