what structures serve as the skeleton,filaments of the cells
microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
what is the easiest phase to see on a slide
metaphase
RNA uses transcription in what place, to do what?
RNA uses transcription in the nucleus to record the DNA code, then translate outside the nucleus so that ribosomes can make proteins
What do peroxisomes contain and what do they neutralize?
Contain oxidizing enzymes and they neutralize free radicals
function of the plasma membrane
Regulates the movement of materials, participates in signal transduction, helps w/ cell id and helps cells adhere to other cells
what disappears and becomes visible in Prophase
Nucleoli disappear
Chromosomes become visible
what have the chromosomes done in telophase
uncoil, form back to chromatin
What is the basic structure of life and the smallest unit in a living organism?
cells
What protein is microfilaments made of
actin, cause various cellular movements
Describe the plasma membrane
extremely thin
Selectively-permeable. Separates body into 2 major compartments, intracellular fluid inside the cells and extracellular fluid outside of the cells
wat extends from the surface of the cell
glycocalyx
what is a free radical
highly reactive chemical with unpaired electrons that can scramble the structure of biological molecules.
Nucleolus reappears during what phase
telophase
The cell cycle continues from the time a cell is formed until…when?
it dies or divides
lysosomes contain whaat
DIGESTIVE enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria
aka Demolition crew of cell/suicide bags
what is the only substance moved my osmosis
water
Endocytosis
Fluids with large molecules that are too large to be transported by other means are engulfed by an invagination of the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle.
What are ribosomes composed of and where are they found
found in rough ER, cytosol, and made of 2 globular subunits
anaphase
shortest phase, chromosomes split
what are the 2 motile extensions, from the cell. and which is shorter,and what is its function in the human body?
cilia and flagella, cilia is shorter
cilia- move materials past cell or move cell
remember:cilia moves materials in a cell, flagella propels itself
Passive transport
Mechanisms of movement across the membrane my be passive, requiring no energy from the cell(diffusion,facilitated diffusion,osmosis and filtration)
What organelle is near the nucleus and acts as a microtubular organizing center?. What is it’s function?
centrosome.
function: cell division, organize spindle fibers
Interphase
period of great metabolic activity, cell grows, synthesizes new molecules and organelles. During the S phase of interphase, the DNA of the cell is replicated in prep for cell division
Diffusion
from area of high-low concentration to reach equilibrium
Whats the cell’s three main parts
the central: nucleus
Intracellular material called cytoplasm
and the plasma membrane
Microvilli are like fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane. Where are they most often found and what protein makes them stiff?
most often found inside of cells in the intestines and kidneys. Actin makes ‘em stiff
Facilitated diffusion
uses transmembrane proteins that function as aids to move molecules across the cell membrane. Substances that move through the membrane using channels and carriers are sugars and amino acids, lipid insoluble ions, and water which uses a protein called aquaporin
The basic framework of the plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bi-layer and…
proteins