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Flashcards in Cells study guide Deck (28)
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1
Q

what structures serve as the skeleton,filaments of the cells

A

microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

2
Q

what is the easiest phase to see on a slide

A

metaphase

3
Q

RNA uses transcription in what place, to do what?

A

RNA uses transcription in the nucleus to record the DNA code, then translate outside the nucleus so that ribosomes can make proteins

4
Q

What do peroxisomes contain and what do they neutralize?

A

Contain oxidizing enzymes and they neutralize free radicals

5
Q

function of the plasma membrane

A

Regulates the movement of materials, participates in signal transduction, helps w/ cell id and helps cells adhere to other cells

6
Q

what disappears and becomes visible in Prophase

A

Nucleoli disappear

Chromosomes become visible

7
Q

what have the chromosomes done in telophase

A

uncoil, form back to chromatin

8
Q

What is the basic structure of life and the smallest unit in a living organism?

A

cells

9
Q

What protein is microfilaments made of

A

actin, cause various cellular movements

10
Q

Describe the plasma membrane

A

extremely thin
Selectively-permeable. Separates body into 2 major compartments, intracellular fluid inside the cells and extracellular fluid outside of the cells

11
Q

wat extends from the surface of the cell

A

glycocalyx

12
Q

what is a free radical

A

highly reactive chemical with unpaired electrons that can scramble the structure of biological molecules.

13
Q

Nucleolus reappears during what phase

A

telophase

14
Q

The cell cycle continues from the time a cell is formed until…when?

A

it dies or divides

15
Q

lysosomes contain whaat

A

DIGESTIVE enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria
aka Demolition crew of cell/suicide bags

16
Q

what is the only substance moved my osmosis

A

water

17
Q

Endocytosis

A

Fluids with large molecules that are too large to be transported by other means are engulfed by an invagination of the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle.

18
Q

What are ribosomes composed of and where are they found

A

found in rough ER, cytosol, and made of 2 globular subunits

19
Q

anaphase

A

shortest phase, chromosomes split

20
Q

what are the 2 motile extensions, from the cell. and which is shorter,and what is its function in the human body?

A

cilia and flagella, cilia is shorter
cilia- move materials past cell or move cell

remember:cilia moves materials in a cell, flagella propels itself

21
Q

Passive transport

A

Mechanisms of movement across the membrane my be passive, requiring no energy from the cell(diffusion,facilitated diffusion,osmosis and filtration)

22
Q

What organelle is near the nucleus and acts as a microtubular organizing center?. What is it’s function?

A

centrosome.

function: cell division, organize spindle fibers

23
Q

Interphase

A

period of great metabolic activity, cell grows, synthesizes new molecules and organelles. During the S phase of interphase, the DNA of the cell is replicated in prep for cell division

24
Q

Diffusion

A

from area of high-low concentration to reach equilibrium

25
Q

Whats the cell’s three main parts

A

the central: nucleus
Intracellular material called cytoplasm
and the plasma membrane

26
Q

Microvilli are like fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane. Where are they most often found and what protein makes them stiff?

A

most often found inside of cells in the intestines and kidneys. Actin makes ‘em stiff

27
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

uses transmembrane proteins that function as aids to move molecules across the cell membrane. Substances that move through the membrane using channels and carriers are sugars and amino acids, lipid insoluble ions, and water which uses a protein called aquaporin

28
Q

The basic framework of the plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bi-layer and…

A

proteins