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DTCC Anatomy & Physiology > Cells,Tissues and Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

Cells,Tissues and Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Inclusions

A

Chem. substances that may/may not be present, depending on cell type. Examples include stored nutrients, like glycogen granules, in liver and muscles cells, lipid droplets in fat cells, and melanin in certain skin and hair cells

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2
Q

Can proteins be inside the membrane?

A

Yes, they can be on the cytoplasm side.

Seving multiple functions like:

attach loosely to integral proteins

  • can be enzymes

can be mechanical proteins and change cell shape

  • can join cells together in cell junctions
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3
Q

Rough ER

A

Where ribosomes are locate. Ribosomes manufacture proteins

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4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in synthesis of _____ and ______

A

ER plays a role in STEROID BASED HORMONES AND PROTEINS

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5
Q

e

A

hydrophilic tails

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6
Q

Ribosomes facilitate _____ _____ formation between amino acids.

A

Ribosomes facilitate peptide bond formation between amino acids.

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7
Q

b

A

glyprotein

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8
Q

which proteins have carbohydrates extednding from them

A

the glycocalyx

they help with identification

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9
Q

f

A

phospholipid bi layer

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10
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of relaseing and transforming the energy from food involves oxygen and is called

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11
Q

c

A

crbohydrate chain

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12
Q

12

A

lysosome

in picture below, think Lysosome LEFT and Perioxisome right

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13
Q

Lysosomes’ nickname

A

“suicide bags’ of the cell

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14
Q

Name the organelle:

a network of flattene cavities surrounded by a membrane, which links with the nuclear membrane. Help in packaging proteins

A

Rough ER

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15
Q

Microfilaments & Microtubules

A

Microfilament: involved in cellular movement, as in muscle cells Microtubules: larger than filaments, maintain shape”skeleton of the cell”

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16
Q

name the organelle:

digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

A

lysosomes

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17
Q

what does the plasma membrane cover?

A

The plasma membrane is a boundary around ALL cells that helps maintain homeostasis.

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18
Q

6

A

golgi apparatus

in pictures in class, GA is usually to the right of the rough ER

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19
Q

Lysosomes

A

Quite variable in size and shape. contain powerful digesting enzymes- break down and destroy foreign particles, microorganisms, damaged or worn out cells and cell parts

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20
Q

4

A

vesicle

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21
Q

h

A

membrane protein

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22
Q

10

A

vacuole

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23
Q

name a

A

glycolipid

24
Q

g

A

cytoskeleton filaments

25
Q

inside the plasma membrane are…

A

are watery environments inside and outside the cell.

Therefore the phospholipid layers look like a sandwich, with the head ends facing the watery environments they are attracted to, and the tail ends being the inside of the sandwich, away from the water.

26
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes, where lipid synthesis takes place

27
Q

the plasma membrane is made of ____________ which contain…

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS containing: A phosphate group Glycerol Molecule 2 fatty acid chains

28
Q

what are the cholesterol molecules in the plasma mebrane do

A

Plasma membranes also contain cholesterol molecules.

The cholesterol prevents the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids from sticking together.

29
Q

Vesiciles

A

Tiny sacs in which substances are transported, usually from the Golgi

30
Q

Nucleous

A

Directs the activites of a cell. Contains genetic materials. Surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane called the nuclear membrane/envelope. Filled with fluid called nucleoplasm

31
Q

j

A

protein transport, membrane channel protein

32
Q

name 1

A

Nucleolus

33
Q

Chromatin

A

loosely coiled “fibers” in nucleoplasm. Forms chromosomes during cell reproduction. composed mainly of DNA and protein. Contains coded info. that directs protein synthesis in the cell.

34
Q

T/F?

Aquaporins are believed to be present in RBC and kidney tubules but not any other cell in the body

A

False

35
Q

whats the plasma membrane’s job?

A

allowing nutrients and water into the cell. keeping levels of nutrients and water at a balance- if (there are too many, it will let some out). allowing waste products to leave the cell.

36
Q

5

A

rough ER

37
Q

mitochondria mitochondrion-singular

A

usually numerous, double layer membrane, -inner layer folded to form cristae Function: Where chem. energy(food substances) is transformed into usable form of molecules of ATP that are like “packets” of energy. cellular repiration

38
Q

8

A

smooth ER

39
Q

13

A

centriole

40
Q

i

A

cholesterol

41
Q

Nucleolus

A

small,dense structure within nucleus, made of proteins and RNA. No membrane Function: produces ribosomes

42
Q

what protein helps the membrane be semipermiable

A

Transport proteins

43
Q

Organelles

A

Metabolic machinery of the cell. Each type carries a specific function for cells

44
Q

Centrosome

A

(central body) Usually near the GA and nucleous. Composed of 2 “cylinders” called centrioles (each composed of numerous microtubules), which always lie PERPENDICULAR to each other. Active involved in cell reproduction. -SPINDLE forms from the centrioles

45
Q

Name the organelle:

fluid-filled space surrounded by a membrane. Generally contains, salts, sugars, IN PLANTS

A

vacuole

46
Q

name the organelle:

detoxify drugs nd poisions especially in liver cells

A

smooth ER

47
Q

Cytosol

A

Viscous, semitransparent fluid. complex mix of mostly water and a lot of proteins,salts,sugars, and variety of other solutes

48
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, site of most cellular activities. Three major elements: cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

49
Q

just look at it

A

memorize it, embrace it, become it

50
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Complex system or network of interconnected membranes,canals,channels. Connected to cell membrane, nuclear membrane and organelles. Function: Transport system

51
Q

d

A

hydrophilic heads

52
Q

3

A

Ribosomes

53
Q

Golgi

A

series of flattened,membranous sacs near the nucleus Function: Refining, packaging, delivery of proteins

54
Q

Tight junctions

A

impermable junctions that bind cells together into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing through

55
Q

Desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions that prevent subjected to mechanical stress(such as skin cells) from being pulled apart. These are plaques,button like thickenings of adjacent plama membranes, which are connected by fine protein filaments

56
Q

connexon

A

hollow cylinders composed of proteins that san the entire width of the abutting membranes, seen in gap junctions.

Gap junctions are usually seen in the heart, between embryonic cells mainly allow communication.

DTCC Anatomy & Physiology (32 decks)

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