Functions of the Nervous System Notes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Functions of the Nervous System Notes Deck (42)
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1
Q

what is the nervous

A

master controlling and communicating system of the body

2
Q

whats the three functions of the nervous system

A

sensory
integration
motor output

3
Q

sensory

A

info. gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

4
Q

integration

A

processing and interpetation of sensory input

5
Q

motor output

A

activation of effector organs(muscles and glands) produces a response

6
Q

what two parts is the nervous sytem divided into

A

CNS

PNS

7
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord
integration and control center
-interprets sensory input and dictates motor output

8
Q

PNS

A

portion of nervous system outside the CNS

9
Q

whats the two major neuroglia in the PNS

A

satellite cells

Schawnn cells

10
Q

satellite cells

A
  • surround neuron cell bodies in PNS

- function similar to astrocytes of CNS

11
Q

Schawnn cells(neurolemmocytes)

A

surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

12
Q

whats the structural units of the nervous system

A

neurons(nerve cells)

13
Q

whats the special characteristics of neurons

A

extreme longevity(lasts a person’s lifetime)
Amitotic, with few exceptions
high metabolic rate: requires continous supply of oxygen and glucose
all have soma and one or more processes

14
Q

biosynethetic center of neuron

A
  • synthesizes proteins,membranes, chemicals

- rough ER(chromatophilic substance, or NIssl bodies)

15
Q

what can some neurons contain

A

pigments

16
Q

whats the receptive region in most neurons

A

plasma membrane, is the receptive region that receives input info from other neurons

17
Q

where are most neuron somas located

A

cns

18
Q

nuclei

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

19
Q

Ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNSs

20
Q

tracts

A

bundles of neuron processes in CNS

21
Q

nERVES

A

budles of neuron processes in PNS

22
Q

describe the arm-like processes that extend from the the soma in the CNS and PNS

A

cns- contains both neuron cell bdies and their processes

pns- contains chiefly neuron processes

23
Q

Dendrite

A

motor neurons can contain 100s

-contain same organelles as in cell body

24
Q

what does Receptive (input) region of the neuron do

A

converys incoming messages toward cell body as GRADED POTENTIALS(short distance signals)

25
Q

what are finer dendrites needed for

A

in many brain areas, finer dendrites are highly specializes to collect info
- contain dendritic spines, appendages w/ bulbous or spiky ends

26
Q

what does seach neuron have

A

an axon.

each neuron has one axon that starts at cone-shaped area called the axon hillxox

27
Q

what are long axons called

A

nerve fibers

28
Q

whats the side branches on an axon called

A

collateral

29
Q

whats the conducting region of the neuron

A

axon

-generates nerve impulses and transmits them along neuron cell membrane to axon terminal

30
Q

axon terminal

A

region that secretes neurotransmitters, which are released into extracellualr space
-can excite or inhibit

31
Q

what does axons rely on to renew proteins

A

axons rely on cell bodies to renew proteins and membranes

-they can quickly decay of cut or damaged

32
Q

describe and axons transport mechanism

A

molecules and organelles are moved along axons by motor proteins and cytoskeletal elements

33
Q

anterograde

A

away from the cell body

ex: mitochondria, cytoskeletal elements, membrane components, enzymes

34
Q

retrograde

A

towad cell body

ex: organelles to be degraded,signal molecules, viruses and bacterial toxins

35
Q

what the function of mylein

A

protect and electrically insuate axon

increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

36
Q

myelinated fibers

A

segmentated sheath surrounds most long ot large diameter axons

37
Q

nonmyelinated fibers

A

do’nt contain sheath

conduct impulses more slowly

38
Q

neuron are highly____

A

excitable

39
Q

when gated channels are open, ions diffuse quickly:

A

along chem concentration graients from higher concentration to lower concentration
-along electrical gradients toward opposite electrical charge

40
Q

what can measure potential(charge) difference across th emembrane of a resting cell

A

voltmeter

41
Q

whats the resting membrane potential (RMP)

A

approx. -70mV

cytoplasmic side of membrane is negatively charged relative to the outside

42
Q

whats the differences in onic composition

A

1)ECF has higher concentration of Na+ than ICF
- balanced chiefly by chloride ions (Cl-)
2) ICF has higher concentration of K+ than ECF
-balanced by negatively charged proteins
3) K+ plays most important role in membrane potential
differences in plasma membrane permeability