Endocrine System Study Guide Flashcards Preview

DTCC Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System Study Guide > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endocrine System Study Guide Deck (48)
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1
Q

what does the endocrine system regulate

A

regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance, reg. reproduction, growth and development

2
Q

what does the endocrine system maintain

A

electrolyte, water, nutrients balance of blood, homeostasis

3
Q

what structure does endocrine glands lact

A

endocrine glands dont have ducts and hormones are secreted by difusion

4
Q

autocrines

A

local chemical messengers that act on the same cells thast secrete them, while paracrines act on neighboring cells

5
Q

whats the diff. between the endocrine and nervous system

A

Endocrine: Hormones(secretes), slow, target distance far apart, secrete into the bloodstream

Nervous- Can override endocrine, fast, neurotransmitters(secretes), secrete into synapse

6
Q

describe exocrine glands

A

produce nonhormonal substances(ex:sweat)

have ducts to carry secretion to membrane

7
Q

describe endocrine glands

A

produce hormones
lacks ducts
make hormones which diffuse into blood and are used internally

8
Q

name the 5 endocrine glands identified by the author

A
pituitaty 
pineal
parathyroid
adrenal
thyroid
9
Q

describe negative feedback

A

when the levels go above or below a set point, the endocrine system secretes hormones to lower or raise the level

10
Q

whats the location of the pituitary. why is it called the master gland, what part of the brain controls it

A

Brain- sella turcia
called master gland because it controls all cells
controlled by hypothalamus

11
Q

name the 6 hormones by the anterior pituitary

A
prolaticin
GH
ACTH
TSH
LH
FSH
12
Q

ACTH

A

Stress hormone

13
Q

TSH

A

stimulates activity of thyroid

14
Q

LH

A

reg. sex hormones

15
Q

FSH

A

sperm and egg production

16
Q

Oxytocin

A

contactions for labor, stim. uterine

17
Q

what is Pitocin

A

synthetic oxytocin given to expectant mothers who are having diff. producing contractions for productive labor during child birth

18
Q

describe antidiuretic hormone

A

from pituitary gland, aids in water balance, aka vasopressin. STIM. KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS TO REABSORB WATER. TOO LITTLE LEADS TO DIABETES INSIPIDUS

19
Q

whats a diuretic

A

hormones that make you pee

20
Q

What does the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid hormones control your metabolism. which is the body’s ability to break down food and store it as energy

21
Q

what are the thyroid hormones

A

Thyroxine(T4)
tri-iodothyronine(T3)
Calcitonin
Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR)

22
Q

DESCRIBE T3 AND T4

A

for energy, both contain iodine

23
Q

Describe calcitonin

A

calcium from bones, secreted in increase calcium levels

24
Q

BMR

A

how much energy your body needs at rest

25
Q

describe goiter

A

Gland: thyroid
Hormone: TSH
Cause: Iodine dificency
Symp: Swelling, SOB, dypnea

26
Q

whats another word for hypothyroidism

A

cretinism

27
Q

Whats the function of parathyroid glands

A

help maintain calcium and phosphorus levels

28
Q

Andrenal glands produce what

A

cortisol, (nor)epinephrine

29
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

increase heart rate, breathing rate, elevated BP (fight or flight response to stress)

30
Q

Aldosterone

A

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaing BP

31
Q

cortisol

A

glucocorotoid, keeps blood glucose levels stable; response the stress

32
Q

aderenal sex hormones

A

androgens (male), estrogens(female)

33
Q

Describe cushings disease

A

gland: adrenal
Hormone: cortisol
Cause: use.corticosteroids for long periods,
symp: Moon face

34
Q

Addisons

A

Gland: Adrenal
Hormone: cortisol
Cause: insufficeint amnt cortisol
Symp: dark skin, dizziness, nausea

35
Q

what does the pancreas help maintain

A

blood sugar levels. secrets GLUCAGON AND INSULIN

36
Q

Glucagon

A

stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, RAISES BLOOD SUGAR

37
Q

iNSULIN

A

DECREASES blood sugar concentration, affects the uptake of glucose by cells

38
Q

Debetes Mellitus

A

insulin deficinecy, blood sugar rises(hyperglycemia) and excess is excerted in the urine

39
Q

Type I diabetes

A

aka juvinille insulin

40
Q

type II diabetes

A

treated with diet and exercise, insulin resitance or pody doesnt produce enough insulin

41
Q

describe the thymus gland

A

large in young children, gradually shrinks with age, secretes thymosins, important to immune system

42
Q

Reproductive glands

A

testes and ovaries- testosterone, progesterone, estrogen

43
Q

what are steroids

A

synthesizedd from cholesterol, gonadal and adrenocorticohormones.

44
Q

what are amino acid hormones

A

amino acid derivatives
peptides and proteins
water soluble

45
Q

Humoral stimuli

A

changing blood levels of ions and nutrient, directly stimulate secretion of hormones

46
Q

whats the three ways hormones interact

A

permissiveness
synergy
antagonistic

47
Q

whats the answers the teacher listed on the pretest

A
hormones
second messenger
feedback
oxytocin
myexdema
bones
tavel throughout body and blood
48
Q

describe metabolism, and disorders of t3 and t4

A

idodine disorders, reg. metabolism, contain iodine, targets just about every cell