cellular division and reproduction

Question 1

what is meiosis

Answer 1

a type of cell division that reduces the chromosone number by half creating four genetically unique haploid cells from one diploid cell

Question 2

what is a diploid cell

Answer 2

a cell that contains two full pairs of chromosomes (46).

Question 3

what is a haploid cell

Answer 3

a cell that only contains one set of chromosomes (23)

Question 4

what type of cells are egg and sperm cells

Answer 4

haploid cells

Question 5

how are haploid cells produced

Answer 5

meiosis

Question 6

what type of cells are somatic cells

Answer 6

diploid cells

Question 7

what are somatic cells

Answer 7

ur main cells of the body like skin hair and muscle. all cells besides sexual reproduction cells

Question 8

what are the steps in meiosis

Answer 8

ipmat for meiosis 1 and then pmat for meiosis 2

Question 9

what does pmat stand for

Answer 9

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
the stages of meiosis

Question 10

what does ipmat stand for

Answer 10

the stages of mitosis

Question 11

what occurs first mitosis or meiosis

Answer 11

mitosis generally

Question 12

what does mitosis do

Answer 12

a type of cell division that allows a single cell to divide and produce two identicle daughter cells

Question 13

what does meiosis do

Answer 13

produces haploid gametes ( sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

Question 14

where does mitosis occur

Answer 14

somatic cells (non sexual reproductive cells)

Question 15

where does meiosis occur

Answer 15

in sexual reproduction cells, ovaries and testes

Question 16

what does n stand for in mitosis and meiosis equations

Answer 16

the haploid number of chromosomes (cells containing 23 chromosomes )

Question 17

what does 2n stand for in mitosis and meiosis equations

Answer 17

the number of diploid cells (cells containing 46 chromosomes)

Question 18

what’s the difference between mitosis in human cells and in plant cells

Answer 18

mitosis in humans result in two separate daughter cells and in plants it result;ts in one cell with a cell wall splitting in in the middle

Question 19

what’s the equation for mitosis

Answer 19

2n= 2n, 2n

Question 20

what’s the equation for meiosis

Answer 20

2n= n, n , n , n

Question 21

what’s mitosis used for in the body

Answer 21

cell growth and repair and asexual reproduction

Question 22

what does meiosis in a male produce

Answer 22

sperm cells

Question 23

what does meiosis in a female produce

Answer 23

egg cells

Question 24

why do cells need dto perform mitosis and meiosis

Answer 24

cells need to divide in order to have a good sa/v ration so they can get enough of the materials they need

Question 25

how many chromosomes do people have

Answer 25

46

Question 26

what is the process of crossing over?

Answer 26

when homologous pairs swap genetic information to create genetic diversity and more possible outcomes

Question 27

what causes diversity in meiosis

Answer 27

crossing over and independant assortment

Question 28

what are the two kind of cellular reproduction

Answer 28

sexual (meiosis) and asexual (mitosis)

Question 29

what is cytokinesis

Answer 29

the process when the cytoplasm divides during mitosis or meiosis. occurs in the same stage as telophase

Question 30

what happens to genetic material during mitosis

Answer 30

it doubles

Question 31

what happens to genetic material during meiosis

Answer 31

it splits up into haploids

Question 32

what is a chromatin

Answer 32

thin strand of Dna

Question 33

what does chromatins become

Answer 33

in early stages of division they become chromosomes

Question 34

all cells must have the same amount of...

Answer 34

genetic material

Question 35

what is an interphse

Answer 35

starting stage of all cellular division

Question 36

what is formed when a sperm and egg cell combine and create a diploid cell

Answer 36

a zygote

Question 37

what are haploid cells also known as

Answer 37

gametes

Question 38

what is genetic material also known as

Answer 38

deoxyribonucleicacid

Question 39

what is located on the ends of our cells that shortens with age

Answer 39

telomers

Question 40

what happens when telomers eventually shorten enough

Answer 40

cell division stops

Question 41

what is weird about telomers in the human body that shows our relationship with apes

Answer 41

one of our chromosones in our body has a telomer in the middle instead of the end like apes Wich show we may have evolved from them

Question 42

what is a gamate

Answer 42

a reproductive cell

Question 43

what is a daughter cell

Answer 43

2 cells that form during mitosis

Question 44

why is extra cytoplasm important in meiosis

Answer 44

gives the egg cell much more energy and materials

Question 45

what is a karyotype and why is it important

Answer 45

photograph of all ur chromosomes lined up in homologeeous pairs. its important because it can help doctors detetect genetic disorders

Question 46

what is dysjunction

Answer 46

the moving apart of chromosomes to opposite poles during mitosis or meiosis

Question 47

what is synapsis

Answer 47

the pairing of homologous pairs Wich may occur in the prophase during crossing over

Question 48

what is an allele

Answer 48

a cell u either get from ur mother or father. these cells have similarities and differences and come together to create gene

Question 49

what is a centromere in chormosones

Answer 49

where the chromatids connect

Question 50

what's a telomer in mitiosis / mieosis

Answer 50

the end of a chromatin that is swapped during crossing over

Question 51

what happens in inter phase of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 51

the nucleor envelope breaks down and chromitins form dna

Question 52

what happens during the prophase

Answer 52

chromosomes are former and crossing over of genetic info happens

Question 53

what happens during metaphase

Answer 53

chromosones go to the middle and line up and either get split into 2 groups or in half depending on Wich meiosis

Question 54

what happens during anaphase

Answer 54

chormosones move AWAY from the center pole and it forms a cleavage furrow. chromosomes move tord opposite poles of the spindle.

Question 55

what's a spindle

Answer 55

magnetic poles in cells

Question 56

what occurs during the telophase

Answer 56

2 new cells form from one diploid cell. cytokinesis also occurs

Question 57

what's the end result of mitosis

Answer 57

2 new somatic diploid cells

Question 58

what is chiasmata

Answer 58

where the chromosomes overlap in the cell

Question 59

what are tetrads

Answer 59

a homologous pairs made up of four chromatids

Question 60

what's a metaphase plate

Answer 60

the center microtubule that splits the chromosomes during metaphase 1 and 2

Question 61

what are sister chromatids

Answer 61

chromatids that connect to form a chromosome

Question 62

how many chromosomes does down syndrome have

Answer 62

47

Question 63

whats the chromosnes of a female

Answer 63

xx

Question 64

what's the chromosones of a male

Answer 64

xy