respritory

Question 1

how does respiration in worms work?

Answer 1

they exchange o2 and co2 through there skin, they use more oxygen when it gets warm out so when it rains and is warm out they must coke to surface to stretch out and increase sa/v ratio to increase the amount of o2 they take in through skin.

Question 2

why do worms come to surface,

Answer 2

because when it rains it infiltrates the soil blocking o2 from entering soil so they must come to surface to get it

Question 3

why do worms die on pavement

Answer 3

they didn’t co evolve with pavement so they’re not used to it

Question 4

how does gas exchange in bacteria work

Answer 4

they have a HIGH SA/V ratio so its easy for them to get the molecules they need, that’s why if cells get to big they divide.

Question 5

if the SA/V ratio is HIGH gas exchange is _____

Answer 5

easier

Question 6

what do Silvia on outside of bronchi do

Answer 6

they remove pollutants

Question 7

what is negative pressure breathing

Answer 7

pulling air in (humans)

Question 8

what is positive pressure breathing

Question 9

what regulates ur breathing

Answer 9

the amount of co2 in the body.

Question 10

what are the respiration disorders

Answer 10

asthma, lung cancer, emphysema

Question 11

what are infectious diseases in respiration

Answer 11

tuberculosis, bronchitis (inflimation of bronchi), cystic fibrosis (genetic disorders of buildup in lungs)

Question 12

what does pressure changes cause

Answer 12

nitrogen bens when pressure changes, anoxia is a result of decreased oxygen

Question 13

what are the components of blood

Answer 13

plasma (full of nutrients and minerals), red blood cells

Question 14

what is RH

Answer 14

an antigen on red blood cells, if it is presnt you are positive if it is negative you are negative

Question 15

what happens in hemolytic disease

Answer 15

when a mother with negative blood marries a positive blood dad and the baby is positive the blood from baby moves through placenta into mom resulting in the mom producing rh antibodies. so in the second baby these RH antibodies move through placenta to the second baby and destroy the babys blood cells

Question 16

what is the basophil response

Answer 16

when u get hurt and basophil cells release histamine wich causes inflammation and also releases lymphocytes Wich attack viruses and produce antibodies

Question 17

what are phagocytes

Answer 17

cells that engulf bacteria and particles

Question 18

what r palatets

Answer 18

when injured they go to injury and form clots (positive feedback)

Question 19

active immunity-

Answer 19

exposure to disease to build immunity

Question 20

passive immunity

Answer 20

when u receive antibodies form ur mom

Question 21

difference between passive and active immunity

Answer 21

passive is inherited active is built

Question 22

what’s the difference beetween veins and arteries

Answer 22

arteries are thick and bring blood out, veins are thin and bring blood in

Question 23

capillaries

Answer 23

allow for transport of materials

Question 24

what r antigens

Answer 24

molecule on the surface if an RBC that determines the blood type

Question 25

antibodies

Answer 25

protiens in plasma that bind to opposite antigens and eliminate them

Question 26

water

Answer 26

low o2 levels

Question 27

air

Answer 27

high o2 levels

Question 28

gas exchange in the bacterias

Answer 28

cyanobacteria- photosynthesis anaerobic bacteria- alternative electron acceptors

Question 29

what does nitrogen fixation do

Answer 29

turns nitrogen into ammonia for bacteria

Question 30

human gas exchnage occurs in ?

Answer 30

lungs and thoracic cavity

Question 31

how do the lungs ventilate

Answer 31

positive and negative pressure breathing

Question 32

what r the two types of transport in the cells

Answer 32

intracellular and inter cellular (beetween cells)

Question 33

what is hemoglobin

Answer 33

a part of the blood in red blood cells that carries o2 and co2 around

Question 34

what r the pathways of circulation

Answer 34

pulmonary- systemic- coronary-

Question 35

what is the pulmonary circulation system

Answer 35

blood carries deoxygentid o2 to the lungs from the heart and picks up new o2 and releases carbon then returns the o2 to the heart

Question 36

systemic circulation

Answer 36

carries o2 blood from heart to the body's tissues and organs then returns to the heart

Question 37

coronary circulation

Answer 37

hearts system, heart gets oxygen blood through arteries within it

Question 38

what are some heart disea

Answer 38

heart attacks, high BP, atrial fibrillation (fast heartbeat), anemia,

Question 39

how does SA/v ratio apply to worms

Answer 39

they stretch out to increase there SA/v ratio

Question 40

how does SA/v ratio work in humans

Answer 40

in the alveoli with a high SA/v ratio so they can take in o2 and release co2 easily

Question 41

what r the parts of the repsritory system

Answer 41

nose- filters air pharynx- air goes from nose to larynx larynx- routes air to trachea trachea- connects larynx to brochi bronchi- 2 tubes that lead air to lungs bronchioles- small tubes at end of bronchi alveolies- air sacs at the end of bronchioles lungs- main organ Wich helps the body gets o2 and co2 diaphram- muscle that makes u breath

Question 42

how is breathing rate regulated in humans

Answer 42

medulla sensors detect changes in 02 and co2 levels

Question 43

what happens when co2 rises

Answer 43

hydrogen is released making blood more acidic and signals that breathing needs to increase to release it

Question 44

what happens when o2 levels drop

Answer 44

chemorecpters detect the change and rignal the respritory system to increase breathing rate

Question 45

what is systolic

Answer 45

pressure in arteries when blood contracts

Question 46

what is dialostic

Answer 46

pressure in arteries when heart rests/ blood is normal

Question 47

what do white blood cells do

Answer 47

protect body from infection

Question 48

what does hemolglobin do

Answer 48

take in 02 qand co2 out

Question 49

what do antibodies do

Answer 49

recognize foreign antigens and destroy them

Question 50

what do antigens do

Answer 50

protiens on surface of cells that are detected by antibodies if foreign

Question 51

what is the lymhpatic system

Answer 51

network of tissues and organs, gets rid of the body's toxins and waste,

Question 52

what does the lymphatic system do for fluid

Answer 52

collects excess fluid that leaks from capillaries and returns it to blood to maintain balance