Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is the first step of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 2

The cytoplasm

Question 3

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 3

Anaerobic

Question 4

What does anaerobic and aerobic mean?

Answer 4

Anaerobic means that something does not require oxygen. Aerobic means that something does require oxygen.

Question 5

In glycolysis, what is glucose broken down into?

Answer 5

Pyruvate

Question 6

What does glycolysis need to start?

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

What is the net yield for glycolysis?

Answer 7

Two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH

Question 8

What is NADH?

Answer 8

A coenzyme that has the ability to transfer electrons.

Question 9

What is the next step of cellular respiration?

Answer 9

The intermediate step; pyruvate oxidation

Question 10

What happens during the intermediate step?

Answer 10

The two pyruvate are transpired by active transport into the mitochondria (specifically the mitochondrial matrix).

Question 11

What happens when the pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 11

The two pyruvate are oxidized. Then, they are converted into two acetyl CoA. Additionally, CO2 is released, and 2 NADH are produced.

Question 12

What is the second step of cellular respiration?

Answer 12

The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Question 13

Where does the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) take place?

Answer 13

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 14

Is the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 14

Aerobic

Question 15

What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 15

2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

Question 16

What is released in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 16

CO2

Question 17

What is FADH2?

Answer 17

A coenzyme that assists in transferring electrons

Question 18

What is the third step of cellular respiration?

Answer 18

The electron transport chain AND chemiosmosis

Question 19

What does ETC stand for?

Answer 19

Electron transport chain

Question 20

Where does ETC and chemiosmosis take place?

Answer 20

The inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 21

Is ETC and chemiosmosis aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 21

Aerobic

Question 22

What happens in ETC?

Answer 22

Electrons are transferred from the NADH and FADH2 to protein complexes and electron carriers.

Question 23

What are electrons used for in ETC?

Answer 23

Electrons generate a proton gradient as protons are pumped across to the inter membrane space. (Note: this cases an electrical and chemical gradient.)

Question 24

How can protons travel through membranes?

Answer 24

Through an enzyme called ATP synthase

Question 25

What happens in chemiosmosis?

Answer 25

The protons travel down their electrochemical gradient through a portion of the ATP synthase, powering it to make ATP.

Question 26

What is the final acceptor of the electrons in ETC and chemiosmosis?

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

What is made in ETC and chemiosmosis?

Answer 27

26-34 molecules of ATP.

Question 28

How much ATP can be made with one glucose?

Answer 28

30-38 ATP

Question 29

Can ATP be made with no oxygen?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

How can ATP be made with no oxygen

Answer 30

Fermentation

Question 31

What are the two types of fermentation?

Answer 31

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Question 32

What is the nemonic LEO GER?

Answer 32

Leo Electrons - Oxidized; Gain Electrons - Reduced

Question 33

What is alcoholic fermentation done by?

Answer 33

Some types of yeast

Question 34

What is used in alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 34

The two pyruvate from glycolysis

Question 35

In alcoholic fermentation, what will the 2 pyruvate become?

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide gets released and 2 ethanol are made (alcohol) Note: the derivative of pyruvate—acetaldehyde—can act as an electron acceptor. This helps the two NADH oxidize into two NAD+ so glycolysis can start over.

Question 36

What cells do lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 36

Cells, eg. muscle cells

Question 37

How does lactic acid fermentation start?

Answer 37

The two pyruvate

Question 38

What is made from the two pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 38

Two lactate. Additionally, pyruvate can act as an electron acceptor allowing the two NADH to be oxidized to two NAD+ so glycolysis can happen again.