Endocrine System

Question 1

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 1

Produces melatonin. Makes you sleepy at night time. Combats stress. Improves sleep. Regulates sleeps cycle.

Question 2

What does melatonin do?

Answer 2

Regulates sleep cycle

Question 3

What does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 3

Produces thyroid hormones (T3 +T4) and Calcitonin. Increases cell metabolism. Growth and neural development.

Question 4

What does the T3 hormone do?

Answer 4

Tissue growth, oxygen consumptions. Regulates temperature. Protein synthesis. metabolism

Question 5

What does the T4 hormone do?

Answer 5

Prohormone for T3.

Question 6

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 6

Lowers blood calcium levels. Stimulates calcium absorption by the bone.

Question 7

What does the parathyroid gland do?

Answer 7

Makes PTH (parathyroid hormone).

Question 8

What does PTH do?

Answer 8

Stimulates the release of calcium from the bone. Stimulates calcium absorption by the gut and kidney. Raises blood calcium by telling bones to release calcium + the intestines to absorb calcium.

Question 9

What does the Adrenal cortex do?

Answer 9

Creates glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

Question 10

What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 10

They all end in the letters “cortisol”. They help with long-term metabolic responses to stress and anti-inflammatory responses.

Question 11

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 11

All end in the letters “aldosterone”. Involved in salt and water balance.

Question 12

What does the adrenal medulla do?

Answer 12

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. (adrenaline and noradrenaline). Stimulates immediate flight or flight reactions.

Question 13

What do the ovaries do?

Answer 13

Release estrogen and progesterone.

Question 14

What do estrogen and progesterone do?

Answer 14

estrogen - development/maintenance of female sexual parts. progesterone - supports pregnancy

Question 15

What do the testes do?

Answer 15

Makes androgens (testosterone).

Question 16

What do androgens (testosterone) do?

Answer 16

Development and maintenance of male sexual parts.

Question 17

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 17

Releases and inhibits hormones to control the anterior pituitary. Makes ADH and oxytocin which are transported and released by the posterior pituitary.

Question 18

What does the posterior pituitary do?

Answer 18

releases hormones made by the hypothalamus. secretes ADH and oxytocin.

Question 19

What does ADH and oxytocin do?

Answer 19

adh - antidiuretic hormone. promotes water conservation by the kidneys.
oxytocin - stimulates the contraction of the uterus/flow of milk

Question 20

What does the anterior pituitary do?

Answer 20

secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, GH< prolactin, MSH, endorphins, and enkephalins.

Question 21

What do FSH and LH do?

Answer 21

follicle-stimulating hormone - (f) maturation of ovarian follicles (m) stimulates spermatogenesis
luteinizing hormone - (f) triggers ovulation/ovarian productions of estrogens and progesterone. (m) production of testosterone

Question 22

What does ACTH do?

Answer 22

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. Stimulates secretory activity of the adrenal cortex.

Question 23

What does GH do?

Answer 23

growth hormone. stimulates protein synthesis + growth

Question 24

What does prolactin do?

Answer 24

stimulates milk production.

Question 25

What does MSH do?

Answer 25

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Controls skin pigmentation

Question 26

What do endorphins and enkephalins do?

Answer 26

pain control

Question 27

What does the thymus do?

Answer 27

it diminishes in adults. it produces thymosins which place a role in the immune system.

Question 28

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 28

Releases insulin and glucagon.

Question 29

What do insulin and glucagon do?

Answer 29

insulin - lowers blood glucose levels. glucagon - raises blood glucose levels.

Question 30

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 30

Neck

Question 31

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 31

Brain

Question 32

What are hormones made up of?

Answer 32

amino acids or lipids

Question 33

Water-soluble hormones _________ pass through the cell membrane and therefore bind to receptors _________ the target cell.

Answer 33

cannot; on

Question 34

Lipid-soluble hormones _________ pass through the cell membrane and therefore bind to receptors _________ the target cell.

Answer 34

can; inside

Question 35

What is a hormone cascade?

Answer 35

one hormone triggers the release of another, which in turn triggers the release of yet another hormone.

Question 36

What are steroid hormones?

Answer 36

Lipid soluble and can pass through the cell membrane through simple diffusion.

Question 37

Exocrine vs Endocrine

Answer 37

Exocrine - chemicals produced by the gland are secreted to the skin surface. Endocrine - hormones are secreted into the capillaries/bloodstream.