Cellular respiration and Cytology

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what come in and out

Question 2

What makes up plasma membrane?

Answer 2

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids

Question 3

What are Phospholipids made of?

Answer 3

2 heads, one head facing out, one facing in, tail on inside

Question 4

Hydrophobic

Answer 4

Hates water

Question 5

Hydrophilic

Answer 5

Loves water

Question 6

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 6

where the tails touch each other to create the barrier

Question 7

Transport Protein

Answer 7

Moving substance across the membrane

Question 8

Cell surface receptors

Answer 8

helps distinguish healthy cells from dead or dying cells

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

makes things grow faster

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Control center of cell, contains DNA for protien production

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

cellular content between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 12

Cytosol

Answer 12

is the fluid in the cytoplasm

Question 13

Organelles

Answer 13

organized structure within cells

Question 14

Passive Movement

Answer 14

no energy needed, cell to reach equilibrium

Question 14

Active Process

Answer 14

requires energy, will push substances into concentrated areas

Question 15

Simple Diffusion

Answer 15

move base on concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached, for small nonpolar solutes like oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 16

a protein channel for substances to move through, etc sodium, potassium, glucose

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

When water is moved to reach equilibrium

Question 18

Transport process for Osmosis

Answer 18

water moves from low concentration to high concentration of water

Question 19

Tonicity

Answer 19

ability to change volume or pressure of a cell by osmosis

Question 20

Isotonic Solution

Answer 20

Same concentration inside and outside of cell, no movement of water

Question 21

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 21

water move into the cell, cell gets bigger

Question 22

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 22

water leaves the cell, it will shrink

Question 23

Primary active transport

Answer 23

uses cellular energy from ATP

Question 24

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 24

3 Na(sodium) out 2 k+(potassium) into the cell

Question 25

Vesicular transport

Answer 25

vesicles(membrane sack) moving substances into or out of the cell

Question 26

Exocytosis

Answer 26

out of the cell

Question 27

Endocytosis

Answer 27

into the cell

Question 28

What happens in passive process transport of osmosis?

Answer 28

Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution

Question 29

What happens in Active transport process of osmosis?

Answer 29

Primary active transport Secondary active transport Vesicular transport

Question 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

Answer 30

between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane that is the point of attachment for ribosomes

Question 31

2 Types of ER

Answer 31

Rough ER- make proteins Smooth ER- store lipids

Question 32

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Answer 32

break things down chemically

Question 32

Golgi apparatus

Answer 32

packaging and sorting of proteins(UPS of cells)

Question 32

Mitochondria

Answer 32

Power house of cell

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

made in the nucleolus, then shipped out to rough ER

Question 34

Cytoskeleton

Answer 34

extension of cell

Question 35

Centrosome

Answer 35

Organize microtubules within cytoskeleton

Question 36

Cilia

Answer 36

moves thigs along surface of cell

Question 37

Flagella

Answer 37

move the cell, only found in sperm

Question 38

Microvilli

Answer 38

for absorptions, found in digestive system

Question 39

Nucleus

Answer 39

1 cell=1 nucleus, DNA

Question 40

Nuclear envelope

Answer 40

allow molecules in and out of nucleus

Question 41

Nucleolus

Answer 41

where ribosomes are made

Question 42

Where is DNA located

Answer 42

housed in nucleus

Question 43

DNA is composed of

Answer 43

-Five-carbon sugar deoxyribose -A phosphate -one of four nitrogenous bases( Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine)

Question 44

Chromatin

Answer 44

When DNA is divided

Question 45

Chromosomes

Answer 45

when DNA is coiled

Question 46

DNA function

Answer 46

Transcription- MRNA( copy of DNA) Translation-ribosome reads code to make a protein

Question 47

two classes of energy

Answer 47

Potential- stored energy Kinetic- energy of motion

Question 48

Chemical Energy

Answer 48

what the body uses

Question 49

Chemical reactions

Answer 49

chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

Question 50

Enzymes(proteins)

Answer 50

speeds up reaction

Question 51

Glucose

Answer 51

primary fuel of energy

Question 52

Glucose Oxidation

Answer 52

step by step breakdown of glucose with energy release

Question 53

Stages of glucose oxidation

Answer 53

Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Electron transport system

Question 54

Glycolysis

Answer 54

in cytoplasm, glucose broken into 2 pyrugetvate, with oxygen turns into 2 sets of ATP+NADH

Question 55

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 55

each pyruvate goes through one cycle(krebscycle), converted to Acytle CoA, end up with 2 ATP

Question 56

Electron transport system

Answer 56

ATP=ADP= 32-34 ATP

Question 57

Mitosis

Answer 57

nuclear division

Question 58

Meiosis

Answer 58

cell division in sex cells

Question 59

cell division

Answer 59

one cell divide into two

Question 60

cell cycle

Answer 60

when the cell divide into two identical cells called daughter cells

Question 61

2 phase in cell cycle

Answer 61

Interphase Mitotic

Question 62

Interphase

Answer 62

prepares for division g1phase, s phase, g2 phase

Question 63

S phase

Answer 63

making a copy of the DNA, split it in 2 cells

Question 64

G1 phase

Answer 64

cell growing and forming

Question 65

M Phase (mitotic phase)

Answer 65

Nucleus division

Question 66

Cytokinesis

Answer 66

division of cytoplasm between 2 new cells

Question 67

Prophase

Answer 67

forming centriole, dissolution of nuclear envelope, moving DNA

Question 68

Metaphase

Answer 68

lining of chromosomes to equator of cell

Question 69

Anaphase

Answer 69

pulls DNA away

Question 70

Telophase

Answer 70

Undo prophase putting DNA back as chromatin, reforming nuclear envelope, mitotic spindle broken up