Muscular system lecture 5

Question 1

Muscle function

Answer 1

Movement, maintain posture, protection and support, regulate elimination of waste, heat production

Question 2

Muscle characteristics

Answer 2

Excitability, Conductivity, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

only muscle and nervous tissue responds to stimuli

Question 4

Conductivity

Answer 4

able to send electrical signal along tissue

Question 5

Contractility

Answer 5

muscle slide past each other and shortens

Question 6

Extensibility

Answer 6

muscle can be stretched

Question 7

Elasticity

Answer 7

contracted muscle return to original resting length

Question 8

Fascicles

Answer 8

Internal structure organized into bundle of fibers

Question 9

Perimysium

Answer 9

surrounds individual fasicle

Question 10

Epimysium

Answer 10

surrounds entire muscle

Question 11

Endomysium

Answer 11

surrounds individual fibers

Question 12

Tendons

Answer 12

dense regular connective tissue, attach muscle to bone or skin

Question 13

Aponeuroses

Answer 13

Dense irregular connective tissue, attach muscle to bone or skin

Question 14

Sacroplasm

Answer 14

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 15

Sarcolemma

Answer 15

t-tubles tunnels that carry signal deep into the cell

Question 16

Multiple peripheral

Answer 16

nuclei

Question 17

Sacroplasmic recticulum

Answer 17

regulates release of calcium

Question 18

Myofibrils

Answer 18

bundle of proteins capable of contracting
Myosin
Actin

Question 19

Myosin

Answer 19

thick filaments composed of protein(dark)

Question 20

Actin

Answer 20

thin filaments composed of protein(light)
as well as troponin and tropomyosin

Question 21

Myoglobin

Answer 21

Stores oxygen for aerobic respiration

Question 22

Glycogen

Answer 22

storage of glucose

Question 23

Thick filaments

Answer 23

composed mostly of myosin protein, has 2 head and 2 tails wrapped around each other, heads have binding cites for actin

Question 24

Thin filaments

Answer 24

contain protein actin, binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin, blocking action removed when Ca+2 binds with tropomin molecule

Question 25

Sacromere

Answer 25

reginon between the 2, Z disc

Question 26

Z Line

Answer 26

attachment sites of thin filaments of Z disc

Question 27

A band

Answer 27

region with dark filaments

Question 27

I band

Answer 27

region without thick filaments (lighter)

Question 28

H-zone

Answer 28

region between ends of thin filaments within A band

Question 28

Nerve impulse(action impulse)

Answer 28

Ca+2 release triggers muscle contraction

Question 29

M-line

Answer 29

attachment site for thick filaments

Question 30

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 30

location where neurons meets muscle

Question 31

Neurotransmitter acetylcoline

Answer 31

released from somatic motor neuron, moves through space between muscle and nerve, triggers new action potential in skeletal muscle

Question 32

Motor unit

Answer 32

one motor neuron and all of the fibers innervates

Question 33

Sliding filament theory

Answer 33

muscle contracts and shortens, filaments overlap, I band reduces in size, H zone disappear

Question 34

Phosphate transfer

Answer 34

a phosphate is chemically transferred onto ADP to form ATP

Question 35

2 source of Phosphate transfer

Answer 35

Creatine phosphate ADP

Question 36

Glycolsis

Answer 36

anaerobic respiration in cytoplasm- 2 pyruvates and ATP, produces ATP from 10 seconds to 1min mark

Question 37

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 37

happens in mitochondria, produces ATP from 1min mark until completion

Question 38

Speed of contraction

Answer 38

fast, slow, depends on how quickly enzymes break down ATP

Question 39

Oxidative fibers

Answer 39

rely on aerobic process of ATP

Question 40

Glycolytic fibers

Answer 40

rely on anaerobic process of ATP

Question 41

Slow oxidative fibers(red)

Answer 41

Aerobic ATP production, not powerful but hold contractions for a long time (planks)

Question 42

Intermediate fibers (pink)

Answer 42

aerobic ATP, lower oxygen supply, fast, powerful contractions

Question 43

Fast glycolytic fibers

Answer 43

anaerobic ATP production, Fast/powerful contractions (sprinting)

Question 44

Red Fiber

Answer 44

more oxygen, lots of myoglobin, blood vessels, mitochondria, lipid stores, weaker, fatigue-resistant (endurance)

Question 45

White Fibers

Answer 45

powerful but tired fast, little myoglobin, fewer blood vessels/mitochondria, glycogen stores

Question 46

Aerobic exercise

Answer 46

increase in muscle capillaries, number of mitochondria, and myoglobin sythesis

Question 47

Resistance exercise

Answer 47

muscle hypertrophy(bulky), increased strength, endurance, and done density

Question 48

Overload principle

Answer 48

forcing muscle to work promotes increased muscle strength and endurance, muscle adapts to increased demand, muscles must be overloaded to produce further gains and strength