Respiratory Lecture

Question 1

Function of respiratory system

Answer 1

supply body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

Question 2

Respiratory and cardiovascular process

Answer 2

Ventilation
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration

Question 3

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 4

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

Trachea
Bronchi, Bronchioles, Aveolis
Lungs

Question 5

Conducting zone

Answer 5

Air moving in and out of lungs

Question 6

Respiratory zone

Answer 6

site of external respiration
diffusion of O2 into and CO2 out of the blood

Question 7

Nose hair function

Answer 7

filter air, trap dust, bacteria etc.

Question 8

Nasal conchae function

Answer 8

warm, cleanse, and humidify air

Question 9

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 9

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 10

Paranasal sinus

Answer 10

provide resonance for sound

Question 11

Pharynx

Answer 11

the throat

Question 12

Nasopharynx

Answer 12

pharyngeal tonsils (adeniods)
uvula closes passageway during swallowing

Question 13

Oropharynx

Answer 13

Palatine and lingual tonsil
part of digestive system

Question 14

Laryngopharynx

Answer 14

located above the esophagus

Question 15

Larynx

Answer 15

Voice box

Question 16

Primary cartilage in lyranx

Answer 16

Thyroid cartilage- largest, “Adams apple”
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage-anchor vocal cords

Question 17

Functions of lyranx cartilages

Answer 17

-provide patent airway
-epiglottis cover glottis to divert food away from airway towards esophagus during swallowing
-voice production

Question 18

Sound production

Answer 18

vocal cords vibrate

Question 19

Trachea

Answer 19

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, supported by c rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 20

Types of Bronchus/bronchi

Answer 20

Primary- main stem, deliver air to each lung
Secondary- deliver air to each lobe
Tertiary- deliver air to each segment

Question 21

Bronchioles

Answer 21

-smallest airways leading to alveolar duct and alveoli
-diameter controlled by bronchiolar smooth muscle

Question 22

Asthma

Answer 22

reversible bronchospasm from bronchoconstriction response to stimuli

Question 23

Alveoli

Answer 23

major structure in the respiratory zone

Question 24

Type 1 alveoli cells

Answer 24

lined with simple squamous epithelium for simple diffusion

Question 25

Type 2 alveoli cells

Answer 25

produce surfactant to lubricates and reduce surface tension

Question 26

Macrophages

Answer 26

keeps lungs clean

Question 27

Respiratory membrane

Answer 27

surface between each alveolus and pulmonary capillaries delivering blood

Question 28

Hilum

Answer 28

region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, bronchi and nerves enter each lung

Question 29

how many lobes in right lung

Answer 29

3

Question 30

how many lobes in left lung

Answer 30

2

Question 31

Pleura

Answer 31

serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

Question 32

Visceral pleura

Answer 32

touches the lungs

Question 33

Parietal pleura

Answer 33

lines thoracic cavity wall, touches the ribs

Question 34

Pleural space

Answer 34

small quantity of serous fluid lubricating pleural layers

Question 35

Intrapleural pressure

Answer 35

negative pressure to prevent lung collapse

Question 36

Boyles law

Answer 36

volume increase, pressure decrease

Question 37

during inspiration phrenic nerve innervates___

Answer 37

diaphragm causing it to contract and flatten

Question 38

during expiration, diaphragm ___

Answer 38

returns and relaxes to its resting place

Question 39

forced expiration involves what muscles?

Answer 39

abdominal and internal intercoastal

Question 40

External respiration (Lungs to the blood)

Answer 40

gas exchange -diffusion of oxygen towards pulmonary capillaries -diffusion of carbon dioxide towards Alveolar air

Question 41

Internal respiration (Blood into the tissue)

Answer 41

-diffusion of oxygen towards tissue - diffusion of carbon dioxide to systemic capapillary

Question 42

Transport of respiratory gases

Answer 42

Oxygen- 98.5 carried by hemoglobin Carbon dioxide- 70% is carried by HCO3

Question 43

At rest what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated?

Answer 43

75%

Question 44

Total lung capacity

Answer 44

maximum amount of air in lungs

Question 45

Vital Capacity

Answer 45

total amount of exchangeable air

Question 46

Tidal Volume

Answer 46

amount of air at rest

Question 47

Residual Volume

Answer 47

air that remains in lungs after breathing out

Question 48

Primary stimulus for prompting stimulation

Answer 48

CO2

Question 49

Involuntary breathing involves

Answer 49

medulla oblongata and pons

Question 50

influences breathing due to external stimuli as part of emotional response

Answer 50

Hypothalamus

Question 51

Controls voluntary control of breathing

Answer 51

Cerebral Cortex

Question 52

As carbon dioxide accumulates in blood, pH__

Answer 52

decreases

Question 53

used to adjust plasma pH

Answer 53

alterations in ventilations