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GAP > Nervous System L6 > Flashcards

Nervous System L6 Flashcards

1
Q

Nuerons

A

Cells transmit impulses via action potential

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2
Q

Glial Cells

A

Cells support function of neurons

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3
Q

Neuron traits

A

Excitability
Conductivity
Secretion
Amitotic

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4
Q

Excitiability

A

Respond to stimuli

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5
Q

Conductivity

A

Send electrical signal along neuron

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6
Q

Secretion

A

Release neurotransmitter that influence other cells

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7
Q

Amitotic

A

No mitosis, do not divide

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8
Q

Neuron components

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Myelination

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9
Q

Dentritic

A

Receives signals and sends to cell body

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10
Q

Cell body (Soma)

A

Initiate/receive signals from dendritic, contains nucleus, surrounded by plasma membrane

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11
Q

Axon

A

One per neuron, Carry action potential away from cell, release neurotransmitters from axon terminal to nerve, muscle, or glands

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12
Q

Myelination

A

Axon wrapped in lipoprotein sheath, giving white appearance (gray matter)

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13
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Increase speed of transmission

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14
Q

Gaps between myelinated gaps called

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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15
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry action potential signal toward brain and spinal cord (ex: touch from skin to brain)

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16
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry action potential away from brain to spinal cord ( voluntary movements)

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17
Q

Interneurons

A

99% neurons, process information,
connect directly to sensory and motor neurons

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18
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axon

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19
Q

Epineurium

A

Covers entire nerve

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20
Q

Perineurium

A

Group of axon fasicle

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21
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds individual axon

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22
Q

6 types of support functions of neurons

A

Atrocytes
Ependymal cells
Microglia
Satellite cells
Schwan’s cells
Oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Form the myelin sheath in Central Nervous System (CNS)

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24
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Form myelin sheath in Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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25
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Regulate exchange of nutrients and waste

26
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytic immune cell in brain, clear debris from damaged tissue of CSF

27
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Choroid plexus helps produce Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

28
Q

Action potentional

A

Electrical signal down the axon, leads to release of neurotransmitters to neuron or muscle it connects to

29
Q

Voltage inside cell

A

-70mV

30
Q

Passive Transport

A

ion channels allowing facilitated diffusion of Na+ and K+ during action potential, moving down concentration gradient

31
Q

Chemically gated channels

A

Open when chemical combined with the gate

32
Q

Voltage gated channels

A

Open when particular voltage is reached

33
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

Outside has Na+ and Cl-ions, inside is -70mV, more K+ and PO4-ions

34
Q

At rest, if channels opened how do the ions distribute

A

Sodium passively move into cell, potassium passively move out of cell

35
Q

Polarization

A

When change happens

36
Q

Depolarization

A

Chemically gated Na+ opens, allow Na+ to flow into cell, the positive ions makes cell less negative, decrease in change

37
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

K+ channels closes slowly, allowing K+ to leave cell, charge inside cell moves beyond -70mV

38
Q

Threshold Potential

A

-55mV is reached, all the sodium channels open

39
Q

Graded potential

A

Can depolarize/hyperpolarize cell, happens when chemical binds with a receptor ex: ACH + Na+= Na+ rush into cell to depolarize membrane but not strong enough for action potential

40
Q

Excititory postsynaptic potential

A

Bring neuron closer to threshold by making cell less negative

41
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A

Pushes neuron away from threshold by letting in Cl-ions, making cell more negative

42
Q

Repolarization

A

Once inside of cell reach +30mV, Na+ channel closes, all K+ channels open down axon, returns cell to -70mV

43
Q

All action potential in axon have same

A

Strength

44
Q

Larger diameter fiber have ____ impulse

A

Faster

45
Q

Effect of myelination

A

Myelinated fibers conduct faster due to saltatory conduction (skip gates)

46
Q

Refractory period

A

Period after beginning of action potential where it’s impossible or difficult to fire another action potential

47
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

No stimulus can initiate another action potential

48
Q

Relative refractory period

A

The period of time when another action potential is possible with sufficient strength (must overcome hyperpolarization)

49
Q

Strength of stimuli is not based on strength but ___

A

Frequency

50
Q

Synapse

A

Where one neuron meets another structure and communicates with it

51
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Cross synapse and trigger a response insecond structure

52
Q

Sensory Nervous System(afferent)

A

Somatic Sensory-conscious to stimuli
Visceral Sensory-unconscious to stimuli

53
Q

Motor Nervous System(Efferent)

A

Somatic Motor-control voluntary skeletal muscle
Autonomic- control involuntary smooth/cardiac muscles and glands

54
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight, Initiate response that helps us escape danger

55
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest, helps conserve energy and restore nutrients

56
Q

Ganglion

A

bunch of cell body where neurons synapse

57
Q

Preganglionic nerve

A

nerve bringing signal into ganglion

58
Q

Postganglionic nerve

A

nerve carrying signal away from ganglion

59
Q

short/long preganglionic nerves and short postganglionic nerve release?

A

Acetylcholine

60
Q

Long postganglionic nerve release

A

epinephrine/norepinephrine

61
Q

Atrocytes

A

form blood brain barrier, regulate what gets into brain, build new connections

GAP (41 decks)

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