Joints and movements lecture 5

Question 1

Structure where two bones meets

Answer 1

Joints (articulations)

Question 2

Diathrosis

Answer 2

freely moveable joint
ex: metacarpals, shoulder, arm

Question 3

Amphiartrosis

Answer 3

partially moveable
ex: between pelvis and sacrum

Question 4

Synarthrosis

Answer 4

Do not move
ex: suture of skull, teeth

Question 5

Synovial Joints

Answer 5

all diarthrodial joints,

Question 6

4 components of Synovial Joints

Answer 6

1. Articular cartilage
2. Joint capsule
3. Restraining Ligaments
4. Bursae

Question 7

Articular cartilage

Answer 7

hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones

Question 8

Joint Capsule

Answer 8

connective tissue surrounding joint, hold synovial fluid

Question 9

Restraining Ligaments

Answer 9

provides stability to joints, limits normal ranges of motion

Question 10

Bursae

Answer 10

fluid filled sacs reduce friction

Question 11

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 11

joints joined by cartilage
ex: fibrocartilage joins bones of pubis at the pubic symphysis
(2 parts of the pelvis come together)

Question 12

Fibrous Joint

Answer 12

joints formed by dense connective tissue
ex: suture of skull

Question 13

origin of muscle

Answer 13

fixed and less moveable

Question 14

Insertion of muscle

Answer 14

moves towards the origin as muscle contracts

Question 15

Isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 15

muscle contracts, builds tension and changes length

Question 16

Concentric Isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 16

muscle contracts and shortens

Question 17

Eccentric Isotonic muscle contraction

Answer 17

contracted muscle lengthens

Question 18

Isometric contractions

Answer 18

muscle contracts against equal force, no joint movement
ex: planks

Question 19

Prime Movers (agonists)

Answer 19

muscle responsible for action

Question 20

Synergist

Answer 20

muscle that assist prime mover

Question 21

Fixator

Answer 21

muscle that stabilizes joint

Question 22

antagonist

Answer 22

muscle that reverse the action of prime mover

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

decreases angle between articulating bones
ex: forearm to arm

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

increase angle
ex: bring forearm away from arm

Question 25

Lateral Flexion

Answer 25

moving to the side

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

lateral movement away from middle

Question 27

adduction

Answer 27

lateral movement towards middle

Question 28

Pronation

Answer 28

turn arm posteriorly

Question 28

Supination

Answer 28

rotate palm anteriorly

Question 29

Plantar Flexion

Answer 29

ankle move down like pressing on gas pedal

Question 30

Dorsiflexion

Answer 30

ankle back up from stepping on gas pedal

Question 31

Inversion

Answer 31

sole of foot move towards medial

Question 32

Eversion

Answer 32

sole of foot move lateral

Question 33

Protraction

Answer 33

anterior movement shoulders foward

Question 34

Retraction

Answer 34

Posterior movement shoulders back

Question 35

Elevation

Answer 35

superior movement close mouth

Question 36

Depression

Answer 36

inferior movement open mouth

Question 37

Opposition

Answer 37

movement of thumb to grab things