Central government

Question 1

Royal household & privy chamber
Henrys

Answer 1

Henry VII
Used to restict access
store royal income- ended after him

Henry VIII
Important politically
Groom of the stool - trusted friend
advisors

1526 Wolsey wanted to reform household - Eltham Ordinances - sacked servants he didn’t need,set mealtimes, banning dogs, reduced men of privy chamber

dry stamp- led to Seymore and Dudley making changes to the kings will

Question 2

Royal household & privy chamber - E, M, Liz

Answer 2

Edward
access to him & dry stamp resticted Privy chamber, filled with supporters of protecters
Mary
filled with women, lost political value
dry stamp under lack and key
Elizabeth
continues to decline in importance appointed wives of key councillors
1559 reforms mean household were also part of council
politics through council rather than chamber

Question 3

Privy / royal council
pre tudor & Henry VII

Answer 3

Pre-tudor
large & unwieldy
Henry VII
227 in royal council
council learned in law consulted more regularly
distrustful of nobles- weak claim

didn’t hold regular councils, 5 ‘Great Councils’ between 1487 and 1502 - 0ver 100 attendees - make it seem like the nobility are included in talks of war and tax

Included men from under Edward IV (22) and Richard III (20).

Question 4

Privy / royal council
Henry VIII pre & post 1540

Answer 4

Pre 1540
included men who didn’t want foreign war
changes after 1512
120 councillors
40 core advisors
Wolsey planned to reduce this to 20 to limit influence on the king

met infrequently before 1540
relied on cheif ministers - Wolsey & Cromwell

1540
19 men 1540 and remained low
could issue proclamations in the name of the monarch
seen to serve England
post cromwell privy council took over cheif minister role

Question 5

Privy / royal council
E, M, Liz

Answer 5

Edward
grew in size and importance
31 members
lord protector led

Mary
50 members
3-4 times a week meeting
used to gain support for counter-reformation

Elizabeth
Between 11-13 members
met every day, sometimes twice

Question 6

Secretary
Henrys

Answer 6

Henry VII
close access to monarch
control of privy seal
Henry VIII
Cromwell- 1534, controlled council meetings and accessed private correspondence. Became lord privy seal and Vicegerent of Spirituals in 1536. Key figure in D of M and marriage to Cleves

Post 1540 & Cromwells execution, tried to prevent from becoming too powerful
split between Wriothesly and Sadler and much of the power passed to the privy council

Question 7

Secretary
E,M,Liz

Answer 7

Edwards
two secretaries, one more dominant
Petre dominant
power over Ed, entrusted with great seal to use in ecclesiastial affairs
Changed sucesssion to LJG
Mary
Petre continued
discovered Wyatt’s rising
remained in post until Liz
Elizabeth I
W. Cecil dominant 1558-72
Walsingham 73-96
R. Cecil 96+

William Davidson, minor sec, blamed for sigining Mary QS death warrent
E retained control, R. Cecil able to use to reward his own supporters

Question 8

Lord Lieutenant
Henry VIII, Ed

Answer 8

Henry VIII
Began as a response to demands of war and threat of domestic rebellion
1512, 45- gave commissions to members of the nobility to organise defence agaisnt the threat from france and Scotland
1536 issued commissions to deal with the threat of the PofG

Ed
1549 Northumberland (protector) appointed trusted members of the nobility to deal with rebellions
both a policing and a military role

Question 9

Lord Lieutenant
M, Liz

Answer 9

Mary
attempt to formalise
difficult to find troops
country divided into 10 lieutenancies- each with a lieutenant
temporary arrangement which didn’t survive past the threat of french invansion in 1558

Elizabeth
Made permenant in response to war with spain 1585-1604
appointed to each county - oft with a deputy
oft members of council
raise army for the monarch - ensure trained, armed and diciplined

Question 10

Parliament - Henry VII

Answer 10

forced to call parliament periodically for grants of taxation to fund wars and defence
cautious apporoach
7 times in 24 years (72 weeks)

Relationship
used first post bosworth parliament to enhance claim of king
acts of attainder- convicting enemies

usually gave money with no argument but 1504 he was forced to accept a smaller sum as a result of opposition

Question 11

Parliament - Henry VIII

Answer 11

1509-23
met 4 times- grant tax for wars

Relationship
not hard to persuade to grant tax
1517 parliament became less keen
1523 Wolsey opposed by commons as they wouldn’t grant the exact amount of tax

1529 onwards
started to use for personal issues, annulment of marriage to Aragon
used to pass 1534 act of supremacy

Relationship
supremacy passed through parliament so could only be undone through parliament , those who disobeyed could be punished under the law
enhanced power of parliament
set precedent for religious change

Question 12

Parliament - Elizabeth

Answer 12

Met infrequently in the early years before 1585
forced to call more often after 15885 due to war with spain
10 sessions called

Relationship
grew more confident
concerned over the granting of monopolies and high tax

1597 tension increaed due to spain war, tyrone, and handling of complains about monopolies
petitioned elizabeth to act

1601- mob burst itno parliament , elizabeth gave speech which got parliament back on side, and recieved taxation she’d originally asked for