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(Q3) BE - ANA 102 > CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Bilaterally symmetric soft gelatinous structure surrounded by meninges

A

Brain

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2
Q

The brain is enclosed in a what?

A

Cranium

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3
Q

An average human brain weighs

A

3 pounds or 1300-1400 grams

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4
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemisphere, diancephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum

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5
Q

Comprise half of brain mass and hides the remainder of brain from view

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

The cerebral hemisphere resembles a

A

Walnut

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7
Q

deep fissure incompletely separates the hemispheres from one another

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

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8
Q

the entire surface of the hemisphere exhibits elevated ridges called

A

Gyri

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9
Q

Depressions of the cerebral hemisphere are called?

A

Sulci

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10
Q

True or false. Each hemisphere divided into several lobes are named after the bones above them

A

True

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11
Q

3 main regions of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Cortex, White matter, and basal nuclei

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12
Q

situated deep within the white matter and is composed of gray matter

A

Cortex

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13
Q

speech, memory, logical and emotional responses, consciousness, sensation, voluntary movement, are functions of?

A

Cortex

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14
Q

it forms the bulk of the cerebrum

A

White matter

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15
Q

they carry info destined for the cortex and cortical responses to other regions of the CNS

A

Fiber tracts

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16
Q

Large fiber tract that connects the 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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17
Q

help regulate motor activities

A

Basal nuclei

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18
Q

True or false. When you have a problem with the basal nuclei, you can still walk normally

A

False

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19
Q

4 main lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal,and occipital

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20
Q

separates the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

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21
Q

The division of the parietal lobe and occipital lobe is called the?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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22
Q

Impulses traveling from the sensory receptor, except the special senses, are localized or restricted and interpreted in this area

A

Primary somatic sensory area

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23
Q

Allows you to recognize pain, difference in temperature, or even a light touch

A

primary somatic sensory area

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24
Q

True or false. The primary somatic sensory area works separately

A

False. they work contralateral meaning the left receives from the right side of the body, and vice versa

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25
Allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles and is structurally labeled as the pre-structural gyrus
Primary motor area
26
The major voluntary motor tract in the primary motor area that descends to the spinal cord
Pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract
27
Motor speech area found at the base of the frontal lobe
Broca's area
28
The broca's area is in which side of the hemisphere?
Left
29
Important for language development located in temporal lobe. Responsible for comprehension of speech, meaning the ability to understand what is spoken
Wernick's area
30
Damage in the wernick's area can head to which disorder where there there is difficulty in speaking coherent sentences or understanding others' speech
Aphasia
31
Responsible for higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior
Anterior Association Area of the Frontal Lobe
32
Plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces and blending of several different inputs into an understanding of the whole situation
Posterior Association Area
33
fibers that connect areas within a hemisphere
Association fibers
34
Sits on tops of the brain stem and enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
35
3 structures of the diencephalon
Epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
36
Constitutes the dorsal surface of the diencephalon
Epithalamus
37
knots of capillaries and form the cerebral spinal fluid
Choroid plexus
38
Relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex
Thalamus
39
Thalamus encloses which ventricle?
3rd
40
It localizes or intercepts the sensation
Thalamus
41
Makes up the floor of the diencephalon and is an important autonomic center bc it plays a role in regulating body temperature, water balance and metabolism
Hypothalamus
42
The hypothalamus is also a part of which system in the body?
Limbic system
43
The hypothalamus houses the mammillary bodies for our sense of what?
Smell or olfaction
44
Posterior or inferior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord
Brain stem
45
Length of brain stem
3 inches or 7.5cm
46
produce autonomic behaviors important for survival
Brain stem
47
3 Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
48
Houses the cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncle, and corpora quadrigemina
Midbrain
49
a canal that connects the 3rd ventricle of the diencephalon to the 4th ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
50
which convey ascending and descending impulses in the brain stem
Cerebral peduncle
51
4 rounded protrusions located on the posterior part of the brain stem
Corpora quadrigemina
52
reflex centers for vision in the corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi
53
contains reflex centers for hearing in the corpora quadrigemina
Inferior colliculi
54
A rounded structure that protrudes just below the midbrain
pons
55
pons means ___
Bridge
56
Merges into the spinal cord without any obvious change in structure also the area where the important pyramidal tracts crossover to opposite side
Medulla oblongata
57
Contains centers that regulate vital visceral activities like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and vomiting
Medulla oblongata
58
Extending the entire length of the brain stem is a diffuse mass of gray matter called ___. it controls the visceral organs
Reticular formation
59
plays a role in the wake sleep cycles and filters sensory inputs streaming up the spinal cord and the brain stem.
Reticular activating system
60
Damage to the reticular activating system can lead to
Coma
61
Provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance
Cerebellum
62
When cerebellum is damaged thru a blow to the head, tumor, or stroke, movements become, clumsy and disorganized
Ataxia
63
Connective tissue membrane that cover and protect our CNS organs
Meninges
64
Inflammation of the meninges results in a condition called
Meningitis
65
viral meningitis that spread into the brain tissue.
encephalitis
66
Double-layer external covering of meninges
Dura mater
67
Layer attached to the surface of the skull
Periosteal layer
68
outer covering of the brain
Meningeal layer
69
found inserted between the cerebral hemispheres thru the longitudinal fissure
Falx cerebri
70
separates the cerebellum from cerebrum
Tentorium cerebelli
71
Middle, web-like membrane with thread like extension that traverse the usb arachnoid space and attached to the pia mater
Arachnoid Layer
72
Innermost, tightly clings to the surface of the brain and the cord
Pia Mater
73
Watery broth with components similar to blood plasma. it forms a watery cushion that protect the nervous tissue from blow and trauma. also helps the brain float so it won't be damaged by the pressure of its own weight.
Cerebrospinal fluid
74
True or false. The cerebrospinal fluid is constantly circulating
True. It forms and drains in a constant rate so that its normal pressure and volume are maintained
75
How do you obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid
Lumbar or spinal puncture
76
Provides a two way conduction pathway to and from the brain. Major reflex center
Spinal Cord
77
Collection of spinal nerves at the end of the cord
Cauda equina
78
look like a butterfly or letter H on the posterior are the dorsal / posterior horns - contain interneurons
Inner gray matter
79
where sensory impulses enter, if damaged sensation from the body will be lost
Dorsal root ganglion
80
contain cell body of motor neurons in the anterior part of the inner gray matter
Ventral horns
81
conveys motor impulses out of the cord. the roots fuse to form the spinal nerve
Ventral root of the spinal nerve
82
Damage to the ventral root causes
Flaccid paralysis
83
Composed of myelinated fiber tracts. Some running to higher centers, some traveling from the brain to the cord, some are conducting impulses from one side of the cord to the other
Outer white matter
84
conducting sensory impulses of outer white matter
Afferent tracts
85
Carry impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles
Inferrent tracts

(Q3) BE - ANA 102 (5 decks)

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