NERVE IMPULSE

Question 1

Three functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Sensory input, integration, motor output

Question 2

Resemble neurons but are unable to conduct nerve impulses. They nourish, insulate, and protect the neuron

Answer 2

Neuroglia (supporting cells)

Question 3

Responsible for impulse conduction. these cells are specialized to transmit messages

Answer 3

Neuron

Question 4

True or false. Neurons can undergo mitosis.

Answer 4

False. Once they are damaged, they cannot be replaced

Question 5

the metabolic center of the neuron

Answer 5

Cell body

Question 6

intermediate filaments that maintain cell shape, and is made up of protein

Answer 6

Neurofibrils

Question 7

Also known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the cell body

Answer 7

nissl bodies

Question 8

shorter and finer extensions that communicates with another neuron. it conducts impulses toward the cell body

Answer 8

Dendrites

Question 9

conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer 9

Axons

Question 10

gap between axon terminals and the next neuron

Answer 10

Synaptic cleft

Question 11

Axons end with what structure?

Answer 11

Axon terminals

Question 12

functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

Answer 12

Synapse

Question 13

ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse

Answer 13

Irritability

Question 14

ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Answer 14

Conductivity

Question 15

Kind of impulse that changes in polarity within a cell

Answer 15

Electrical impulse

Question 16

Kind of impulse that is produced by neurotransmitter

Answer 16

Chemical impulse

Question 17

Cellular transport that does not require ATP, it relies on concentration gradient and moves from high to low in order to achieve balance

Answer 17

Passive transport

Question 18

Sodium-Potassium pump that requires ATP

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

When the plasma membrane is inactive, it means that it is ___?

Answer 19

Polarized

Question 20

When polarized, the major positive ion inside the cell is?

Answer 20

Potassium (k+)

Question 21

The major positive ion outside the cell when the plasma membrane is inactive is?

Answer 21

Sodium (Na+)

Question 22

what changes the permeability of the neuron’s membrane to sodium ions?

Answer 22

Stimulus

Question 23

The inward rush of sodium ions causing the change the polarity is called?

Answer 23

Depolarization

Question 24

Fibers with ___ conduct nerve impulses more quickly

Answer 24

Myelin sheaths

Question 25

it means the nerve impulse either is propagated or not

Answer 25

All-or-none response

Question 26

involves restoring the inside of the membrane to a negative charge and the other surface to a positive charge

Answer 26

Repolarization

Question 27

True or false. Until repolarization is complete, a neuron cannot conduct another nerve impulse

Answer 27

True

Question 28

An action potential is generated due to an influx of?

Answer 28

Sodium

Question 29

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, what channels open?

Answer 29

Calcium channels

Question 30

Calcium enters the cell and mobilizes ___?

Answer 30

Vesicles

Question 31

The vesicles release this chemical to change the permeability of the membrane allowing the sodium ions to enter the cell

Answer 31

Acetylcholine

Question 32

Acetylcholine is released through what process?

Answer 32

Exocytosis

Question 33

Calcium will bind to ___, allowing muscle contraction to happen

Answer 33

Myosin binding complex

Question 34

type of neuron that carries impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS

Answer 34

Sensory / afferent neurons

Question 35

Type of neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system to viscera and/or muscles and glands

Answer 35

Motor / efferent neurons

Question 36

Connect sensory and motor neurons

Answer 36

Interneurons

Question 37

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

Answer 37

Reflexes

Question 38

involuntary reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles.

Answer 38

Somatic reflexes

Question 39

Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and gland

Answer 39

Autonomic reflexes

Question 40

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex is an example of two-neuron or three-neuron reflex arc?

Answer 40

Two-neuron

Question 41

Three-neuron reflex arcs consist of how many elements?

Answer 41

Five (receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector)

Question 42

Reflexes occur over neural pathways called the?

Answer 42

Reflex arc

Question 43

These neurons can be found in the cutaneous sense organs in skin

Answer 43

Sensory / afferent neurons

Question 44

Initial conditions of sodium and potassium ions are restored using the?

Answer 44

Sodium-potassium pump