Cephalosporins

Question 1

What are the 1st Gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 1

1. Cefadroxil
2. Cefazolin
3. Cephalexin

**Cefa/Cepha sound

Question 2

What are the 2nd Gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 2

1. CeFAclor
2. CefPROzil
3. CeFURoxime
4. CeFOXitin
5. CefoteTAN

**Family (FA) of PRO-sided FURry FOXes TAN

Question 3

What are the 4th Gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 3

Cefepime

Question 4

What are the 5th Gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 4

Ceftaroline

Question 5

What do cephalosporins NOT have any activity to?

Answer 5

MRSA, listeria, or enterococci

Question 6

Which generation of cephalosporins have great G+ coverage?

Answer 6

1st Gen

Question 7

Which generation of cephalosporins have great G- coverage?

Answer 7

5th Gen

Question 8

What do the 1st Gen cephalosporins cover?

Answer 8

1. Mostly Strep
2. Most MSSA
3. Few G- like E. coli and K. pneumoniae

Question 9

Which cephalosporin is still used in surgical procedures?

Answer 9

Cefazolin

Question 10

What is the oral bioavailability of the 1st Gen cephalosporins?

Answer 10

High oral bioavailability

Question 11

Which 1st Gen cephalosporin has the longest half-life?

Answer 11

Cefadroxil, not by much though

Question 12

Because of their half-life, what is the usual dosing interval for 1st Gen cephalosporins?

Answer 12

Twice a day

Question 13

What do the 2nd Gen cephalosporins cover?

Answer 13

Same as 1st Gen and more G- coverage such as H. influenzae

Question 14

Which specific 2nd Gen cephalosporin has more coverage than the rest, and what are they?

Answer 14

Cefoxitin + Cefotetan (both are cephamycins)

Also cover aerobic/anaerobic G- bacilli and B. fragilis

Question 15

What is the half-life difference in the 2nd Gen cephalosporins?

Answer 15

Cefotetan has a half-life of 3-4 hrs (administered twice daily) compared with every 6 hrs for cefoxitin

Question 16

What do the 3rd Gen cephalosporins cover?

Answer 16

H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and less G+ due to less resistance to B-lactamases

Question 17

What are some special coverages of 3rd Gen cephalosporins?

Answer 17

Ceftazidime - P. aeruginosa

Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone - N. gonorrhea

Question 18

Do 1st Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Do 2nd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Do 3rd Gen cephalosporins have great coverage of pen-resistant pneumococci? If so, which ones?

Answer 20

Yes, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

Question 21

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the highest half-life?

Answer 21

Ceftriaxone (administered once daily)

Question 22

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin are dosed 2-3 times daily?

Answer 22

Ceftizoxime and ceftazidime

Question 23

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin has the shortest half-life?

Answer 23

Cefotaxime (administered every 4 hrs to twice daily)

Question 24

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers P. aeruginosa?

Answer 24

Ceftazidime

Question 25

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin covers N. gonorrhea?

Answer 25

Ceftizoxime and Ceftriaxone

Question 26

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins covers uncomplicated gonoccoal infections of cervix, urethra, and rectum?

Answer 26

Cefixime

Question 27

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporin is recommended for treating early Lyme disease?

Answer 27

Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone

Question 28

Which 3rd Gen cephalosporins is recommended to treating typhoid fever?

Answer 28

Ceftriaxone

Question 29

What do the 4th Gen cephalosporins cover?

Answer 29

3rd Gen + Citrobacter, Enterobacter and (okay) coverage of Psudomonas

Question 30

Why are 4th Gen cephalosporins able to hit G- bugs easily?

Answer 30

They are zwitterions, able to cross outer membrane more rapidly and less susceptible to inactivation by AmpC B-lactamases

Question 31

What is the black box warning of the 4th Gen cephalosporin?

Answer 31

*Cefepime btw All-cause mortality w/ this RX was higher than other cephalosporins

Question 32

Which Gen of cephalosporins have MRSA coverage?

Answer 32

5th Gen (Ceftaroline)

Question 33

Unlike Penicillins, how many side chains do cephalosporins have?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

What is the general AE of cephalosporins?

Answer 34

1. Reduction in Vit. K-producing bacteria (Hypoprothrombinema + bleeding) 2. Alcohol intolerance