ID FINAL REVIEW Flashcards
(221 cards)
1
Q
Which anti-retroviral should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy?
A
Efavirenz
2
Q
What are the AE reactions of azoles?
A
Rash, N/V, Diarrhea, and transient elevation in hepatic enzymes
3
Q
True or False?Flucytosine is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the gastrointestinal tract due to bacteria conversion.
A
TRUE
4
Q
Flucytosine AE?
A
- Bone marrow suppression (concentration dependent)2. N/V/D (dose related)3. Hepatotoxicity
5
Q
Tenofovir AE?
A
- Nephrotoxicity2. Bone mineral density changes
6
Q
Protease inhibitors used for HCV, AE?
A
- General stuff2. Skin photosensitivity + rash
7
Q
____, is the oral, enhanced bioavailable and less frequently dosed prodrug of acyclovir.
A
Valacyclovir
8
Q
Sofosobuvir MOA and what is it used against?
A
Nucleoside polymerase inhibitorHCV
9
Q
Penicillin AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
ZosynTicarcillin/clav
10
Q
This antiviral is administered with probenecid to reduce the tubular secretion rate thus reducing the risk for renal toxicity:
A
Cidofovir
11
Q
Which standard IFN treats HCV?
A
IFN a2a or IFN a2b
12
Q
K103N mutation is associated w/ what RX?
A
NNRTIs
13
Q
Which treatment of HBV can develop resistance as a result of prolonged treatment?
A
Lamivudine + Telbivudine
14
Q
Which ‘-azole’ antifungal is associated with high rates of gastrointestinal adverse events?
A
Itraconazole
15
Q
For HCV, what class does Elbasvir belong to?
A
NS5A inhibitor
16
Q
Azoles bind to ______ which inhibits the production of ergosterol
A
lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase
17
Q
Which of the following is NOT active against MRSA?a. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleb. Piperacillin/Tazobactamc. Vancomycind. Daptomycin
A
b. Piperacillin/Tazobactam
18
Q
Which class has AE of mitochondrial toxicity?
A
NRTIs
19
Q
What class of antifungals inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
A
Flucytosine
20
Q
______ is used for HIV but at a higher dose than is used for Hep B.
A
Lamivudine
21
Q
Which class has AE of lipatrophy?
A
NRTIs
22
Q
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is a gram negative, aerobic bacilli that is also glucose non-fermentinga. Trueb. False
A
a. True
23
Q
What drugs are made up in the NS5A inhibitor class used against HCV?
A
End w/ “svir”
24
Q
Which RX accumulates in bone matrix and causes hypocalcemia?
A
Foscarnet
25
2. Which of the following is not a beta-lactam? a. Amoxicillinb. Cephalexinc. Aminoglycosided. Doripenem
c. Aminoglycoside
26
True or False?Amphotericin B should not be administered within the same Y-site iv as solutions providing electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium and calcium.
TRUE
27
How could you treat acyclovir's AE?
Renal failure - hydration and slowing infusion rateNeurologic toxicity - nothing, usually in pt w/ renal failure
28
Adequate hydration along with slow infusion rates reduces the renal tubule precipitation of what antiviral?
Acyclovir
29
______, is used as an HSV antiviral when the virus has developed resistance to the drugs of choice.A. acyclovirB. ganciclovirC. cidofovirD. foscarnetE. penciclovir
D. foscarnet
30
Name 1 of 3 echinocandins
Caspofungin (Cancidas®)Anidulafungin (Eraxis®)Micafungin (Mycamine®)
31
What are the main treatments for HBV?
IFN (standard or pegylated)
32
________ mechanism of action actually involves 3 steps in the Hep B life cycle, making it unique among the Hep B oral agents.
Entecavir
33
Protease inhibitor short-term AE?
1. GI problems2. Hyperbilirubinemia (atazanavir + indanavir)3. Bleeding risk4. Hepatoxicity
34
______, when occurring in neonates, requires high-dose acyclovir therapy as the infection in this population can result in death.A. Herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV)B. Varicella zoster virus (VZV)C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)D. Hepatitis B (HepB)E. Hepatitis C (HepC)
A. Herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV)
35
_______ is an antiretroviral used exclusively for Hep B and can cause renal and bone toxicities
Adefovir dipivoxil
36
_________ is/are the class(es) of antiretroviral that is considered the most effective (has the greatest impact on the amount of mature virus being produced by an infected cell).A. Protease inhibitorB. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitorC. Attachment inhibitorD. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorE. Integrase inhibitor
A. Protease inhibitor
37
Which pegylated IFN treats both HBV and HCV?
pegIFN a2a
38
3. Which of the following works via inhibition of DNA Gyrase? a. Penicillins b. Aminoglycosidesc. Fluoroquinolonesd. Sulfonamides
c. Fluoroquinolones
39
Up to 40% of patients receiving this antiviral for CMV can experience N/V/D?
Ganciclovir or valganciclovir
40
How could you help treat infusion toxicity of Amphotericin B?
Common at the beginning of treatment, usually subsides w/ subsequent dosesCould use low dose corticosteroids or Meperidine (caution w/ renal dysfunction though)
41
_________ is an anti-hepatitis antiviral that works by inhibiting various steps within hepatitis B and C life cycle including translation, transcription, protein processing and maturation, impact major histocompatibility complex, can mediate tissue damage, must be dosed subcutaneously, is combined with polyethylene glycol to allow for extended dosing interval, and a side effect profile including depression, influenza-like illness, and psychiatric symptoms.A. AdefovirB. EntecavirC. TenofovirD. PEG-interferon (alpha-2a or alpha-2b)E. Ribavirin
D. PEG-interferon (alpha-2a or alpha-2b)
42
What class of antifungals inhibit ergosterol resulting in a hydrophilic pore and may also bind to human cholesterol?
Polyenes
43
1. The microbiologic test that distinguishes between staphylococcus and streptococcus is a. Coagulaseb. Catalasec. Oxygenation d. Glucose fermenting
b. Catalase
44
Targets: Cell wall; inhibits glucan synthesisFlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Echinocandins
45
Which drug is considered to be a perfect antiviral drug because it is specific and nontoxic?
Acyclovir
46
NS5A inhibitor MOA?
Binds to N terminus within domain 1 to inhibit replication + assembly
47
_________ is/are the class(es) of antiretrovirals which has a mechanism of action that occurs prior to the virus entering the cell.A. Protease inhibitorB. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitorC. Attachment inhibitorD. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorE. Integrase inhibitor
B. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitor
48
What are some specific AE of itraconazole?
Taste disturbance, osmotic diarrhea, increased LFTs
49
Which RX has a chance of cardiovascular toxicity?
Abacavir
50
What are some specific AE of fluconazole?
Alopecia (reversible) and QT prolongation
51
"fungin" belongs to this class:FlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Echinocandins
52
Which RX are flucytosine?
It is its own class lol
53
Fosamprenavir AE?
Rash + oral paresthesias
54
Maraviroc AE?
1. General stuff (rash, cough)2. Upper respiratory infections3. Hepatotoxicity
55
What is the first line therapy for chronic HBV?
Entecavir + Tenofovir
56
_________ is/are the class(es) of antiretrovirals which has/have a mechanism of action that occurs after the host cell has begun making copies of the virus.A. Protease inhibitorB. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitorC. Attachment inhibitorD. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorE. Integrase inhibitor
A. Protease inhibitor
57
What are the main drugs used in treating HCV?
1. Ribavirin2. Interferon-alpha (no longer used)3. Protease inhibitors4. NS5B inhibitors5. NS5A inhibitors
58
What are some specific AE of posaconazole?
General N/V/D, pretty safe and well-tolerated
59
__________ is pregnancy category X and 2 forms of birth control are to be used when this medication is being taken by a woman of child-bearing potential.
Ribavirn
60
Provide the chemical reaction responsible for activating valganciclovir to ganciclovir
Deacetylation
61
Gram-negative, bacilli, anaerobic
Bacteroides
62
What is Hepatitis B susceptible to?
Bile acid lysis
63
For HCV, what class does Velpatasvir belong to?
NS5A inhibitor
64
________ mechanism of action is that it inhibits RNA polymerase activity and inhibits the initiation and elongation of RNA fragments resulting in inhibition of viral protein synthesis
Ribavirin
65
Which RX are azoles?
The ones that end w/ "conAZOLE"EX: Fluconazole
66
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram positive cocci that is an aerobic catalase negative and coagulase positivea. True b. False
b. False
67
Ribavirin MOA and what is it used against?
Inhibits RNA polymerase + inhibits initiation/elongation of RNA fragmentsFor HCV
68
In a person who is chronically infected with Hep B, what are the results of the HBV laboratory tests?
Only HBsAg + Anti-HBc = positive
69
Flucytosine targets what?Nucleic acid synthesisInhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall)Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane)Direct membrane damage
Nucleic acid synthesis
70
_______, is the CMV viral enzyme that performs the initial phosphorylation of ganciclovir.
CMV UL97 kinaseUL97 kinaseUL97 kinase phosphotransferase |
71
What is the MOA of Adefovir Dipivoxil?
Inhibits DNA polymerase
72
Rivavirin AE?
1. Hemolytic anemia2. CNS effects3. GI effects4. Dermatologic effects5. Neuromuscular effects
73
5. Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic gram-negative bacillusa. Trueb. False
a. True
74
AB classes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
PenicillinCephalosprinCarbapenemMonobactamAminoglycosidesFluoroquinolonesPolymixinPhosphonic acid
75
For HCV, what class does Paritaprevir belong to?
Protease inhibitor
76
Which RXs are binding/fusion inhibitors?
1. Maraviroc2. Enfuvirtide3. Ibalizumab
77
Ampicillin susceptible and vancomycin susceptibleWhich AB do you choose?
1st line = penicillin2nd line = carbapenems
78
Which class of antifungals has the mechanism of action of inhibition of ß-(1,3) D-glucan synthase?
Echinocandins
79
Ampicillin resistant and vancomycin susceptibleWhich AB do you choose?
Vancomycin
80
_______ is the antiretroviral that blocks gp120 binding to the chemokine co-receptor, CCR5.
Maraviroc
81
Which class has a black box warning of lactic acidosis syndrome?
NRTIs
82
NRTIs AE?
1. Mitochondrial toxicity2. Peripheral neuropathy3. Pancreatitis4. Lipoatrophy5. Black box = lactic acidosis syndrome
83
Amphotericin B + Nystatin belong to this class:FlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Polyenes
84
Interferon alpha MOA?
Naturally producing cytokine that has antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects
85
Protease inhibitor long-term AE?
1. Hyperlipidemia2. Lipodystrophy3. Insulin resistance4. Hypertension5. Diabetes?
86
Gram-negative, bacilli, aerobic, glucose fermentingP. aeruginosa or E. coli
E. coli
87
Tenofovir is distinct because it has a _______ in the parent molecule?
Phosphate
88
_____ is the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that has an adverse event described as anemia related to accumulation of the monophosphate derivative.
ZidovudineRetrovir
89
For HCV, what class does Simeprevir belong to?
Protease inhibitor
90
Interferon alpha AE?
1. Flu-like symptoms2. Neuropsychiatric events3. Risk for infection4. Increased liver enzymes5. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
91
_________ is/are the class(es) of antiretrovirals that work at the point in the viral life cycle where the virus is converting viral RNA into viral DNA.A. Protease inhibitorB. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitorC. Attachment inhibitorD. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorE. Integrase inhibitor
D. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
92
NNRTIs AE?
1. Stevens-Johnson syndrome2. Hepatoxicity (more severe in nevirapine)3. Elevated liver enzymes (more severe in nevirapine)
93
Saquinavir AE?
PR and QTc prolongation
94
Name 1 of 5 agents that work via inhibition of Hep C RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5A:
Daclatasvir Ledipasvir Ombitasvir Elbasvir Velpatasvir
95
The three sites of action for current, preferred anti-Hep C agents are:
Protease inhibitorsNS5B and A inhibitors
96
NS5A AE?
Anemia
97
When should NRTI treatment be suspended?
When you see rising aminotransferase levels, hepatomegaly, or unknown cause of metabolic acidosis
98
What is the MOA of Lamivudine?
Inhibits DNA polymerase
99
Nucleotide triphosphate form of RX inhibits viral __________
DNA polymerase
100
For HCV, what class does Ledipasvir belong to?
NS5A inhibitor
101
Polymixin AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Colistin
102
Which standard IFN treats HBV?
IFN a2b
103
Targets: Cell membrane; inhibits ergosterol syntheisisFlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Azoles
104
Carbapenem AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Imipenem/cilMeropenemMeropenem/vaborbactamDoripenem
105
Which RX binds to gp41 on virus and prevents fusion w/ host cell membrane?
Enfuvirtide
106
Which RX has a black box warning of fatal hepatitis and intracranial hemorrhage?
Tipranavir
107
What drugs are made up in protease inhibitors that are used against HCV?
End w/ "previr"1. Grazoprevir2. Paritaprevir3. Simeprevir
108
Virus kinases causes what?
Mono-phosphorylation
109
_________ is an anti-hepatitis antiviral that works by inhibiting HBV-polymerase via chain termination, as well as anti-HIV activity (inhibits HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase), has few/no drug interactions, can be administered once daily with or without food, and has a benign adverse effect profile. A. LamivudineB. EntecavirC. AdefovirD. PEG-interferon (alpha-2a or alpha-2b)E. Ribavirin
A. Lamivudine
110
Targets: Direct membrane damageFlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Polyenes
111
Which RX is used against CMV retinitis?
Foscarnet
112
AE of Echinocandin?
1. Infusion related (most common)2. Elevation of serum transaminasesOverall, this class is well-tolerated
113
Emtricitabine unique AE?
Pigmentation of soles/palms
114
Telbivudine is a(n) _______ analogue with potent anti-HBV activity
L-nucleoside
115
Azoles MOA?
Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis and cell membrane formation
116
Dasabuvir MOA and what is it used against?
Non-nuclodside polymerase inhibitorHCV
117
_______ is the HSV/VZV viral enzyme that performs the initial phosphorylation of acyclovir or penciclovir.
Thymidine kinase
118
Cytosine deaminase is responsible for activation of what antifungal?
Flucytosine
119
Ganciclovir AE?
1. Bone marrow suppression2. Hematologic/renal toxicity (warning to those taking immunosuppressive drugs)3. GI effects
120
_________ is an antiviral, that does not require conversion to active form (either using viral or host enzymes), inhibits HSV, VZV and CMV DNA polymerase, can be used to treat resistant HSV and VZV, can accumulate in bone matrix and chelates calcium and magnesium resulting in hypocalcemia.A. AcyclovirB. GanciclovirC. CidofovirD. FoscarnetE. Oseltamivir
D. Foscarnet
121
Enfuvirtide AE?
1. Inj. site reactions (forms nodules + thick+2. Hypersensitivity3. Increase % of bacterial pneumonia
122
______, is described in the slides as a nearly perfect antiviral drug in that it is specific to its target (HSV). It also has poor activity against CMV. It is a guanine derivative that undergoes initial phosphorylation by the virus and then is subsequently dephosphorylated by the host cell enzyme.A. acyclovirB. ganciclovirC. cidofovirD. foscarnetE. penciclovir
A. acyclovir
123
Hemolytic anemia is associated with this Hep C antiretroviral that is typically administered orally.
Ribavirin
124
What is the black box warning of Tipranavir?
Fatal hepatitis and intracranial hemorrhage
125
Which pegylated IFN treats HBV?
pegIFN a2a
126
Which other RX are a step-down way against MRSA?
TMP/SMX (90%)Doxycycline (90%)Clindamycin (60%)
127
Enfuvirtide MOA?
Binds to gp41 on virus and prevents fusion w/ host cell membrane
128
_____ is the integrase inhibitor (INSTI) that is only available at a fixed dose combination with cobicistat
Elvitegravir
129
Which RX are sulfonamides and pts w/ sulfonamides should be treated w/ caution using this RX?
DarunavirTipranavirFosamprenavir
130
Which anti-retroviral can cause PR or QTc prolongation? What is generally recommended prior and after starting this RX?
SaquinavirEKG
131
Fluroquinolone AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
CiproLevofloxacinDelafloxacin
132
Aminoglycoside AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
GentamicinTobraymycinAmikacin
133
Which RX are echinocandins?
The ones that end w/ "fungin"EX: Micafungin
134
For HCV, what class does Ombitasvir belong to?
NS5A inhibitor
135
Indinavir AE?
Kidney stones
136
A 4-gram cumulative dose of the deoxycholate formulation of amphotericin is set due to the likelihood for irreversible __________ toxicity.
Renal
137
Acyclovir AE?
1. Precipitation of drug (causing acute renal failure)2. Neurologic toxicity
138
This antiviral is cleared via both glomerular filtration but also glomerular filtration and can cause renal toxicity as well as being directly toxic to mucocutaneous tissue at the site of elimination.
Foscarnet
139
Which standard IFN treats both HBV and HCV?
IFN a2b
140
Maraviroc MOA?
CCR5 inhibitor; binds to CCR5 co-receptor on host cell and prevents HIV from binding
141
Which RX are actively against MRSA (100%)?
Vancomycin, telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancinLinezolid, tedizolidDaptomycinTigecyclineCeftarolineDelafloxacin
142
Echinocandin MOA?
Cyclic lipopeptide AB that interferes w/ fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibit glucan
143
Which pegylated IFN treats HCV?
pegIFN a2a or pegIFN a2b
144
For HCV, what class does Sofosobuvir belong to?
NS5B inhibitor
145
AE of Amphotericin B?
1. Infusion Toxicity2. Nephrotoxicity3. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
146
_______ is the antiretroviral that has an adverse event described as subcutaneous nodules secondary to injection site inflammatory response.
Enfuvitide
147
Adefovir Dipivoxil is a nucleoside analog converted to __________ intracellularly
diphosphate
148
Which RX are polyenes?
Amphotericin B + Nystatin
149
What RXs inhibit viral DNA polymerase?
VidarabineAcyclovirGanciclovirFoscarnet
150
Cidofovir MOA?
Cell kinase converts to nucleotides via NON-viral mediated phosphorylation
151
What is the only antiviral that is good against CMV?
Ganciclovir
152
Which RX causes a rash + oral paresthesias?
Fosamprenavir
153
How could you help treat nephrotoxicity of Amphotericin B?
Reversible unless their cumulative dose is over 4g
154
HLA-B*5701 genotype is associated w/ what RX?
Abacavir
155
Which RXs are protease inhibitors for HIV?
End w/ "navir"EX: Atazanavir
156
Provide the enzyme that is responsible for activating valganciclovir to ganciclovir
Aldehyde oxidase
157
Famciclovir is a prodrug to what?
Penciclovir
158
What class of antifungals bind to lanosterol 14a-demethylase inhibiting the production of ergosterol?
Azoles
159
Gram-negative, bacilli, aerobic, glucose non-fermentingP. aeruginosa or E. coli
P. aeruginosa
160
Nucleoside anti-viral RXs must be transformed to ________ for activity
Nucleotide triphosphates
161
Protease inhibitors used for HCV, MOA?
Binds to HCV protease to inhibit viral replication
162
Name 1 of 3 agents that inhibit Hep C replication via binding to the hepatitis C protease enzyme:
GrazoprevirParitaprevirSimeprevir
163
_________ is an anti-hepatitis antiviral that works by inhibiting multiple steps within HBV-polymerase activity, has no effect on HIV life cycle, must be dosed orally and with food, but has a similar side-effect profile compared to lamivudine.A. AdefovirB. EntecavirC. TenofovirD. PEG-interferon (alpha-2a or alpha-2b)E. Ribavirin
B. Entecavir
164
_________ is an antiviral, that is converted to its active form by host nucleotide triphosphates (not mediated by viral enzyme), inhibits CMV DNA polymerase, is nephrotoxic, is co-administered with probenicid to lessen toxicity (as probenicid decreases rate of tubular excretion) and extend the dosing interval and is primarily used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections.A. AcyclovirB. GanciclovirC. CidofovirD. FoscarnetE. Oseltamivir
C. Cidofovir
165
Which RX has an AE that causes nephrotoxicity and bone mineral density changes?
Tenofovir
166
Which RX inhibits lamivudine resistant HBV?
Adefovir Dipivoxil, Entecavir, or Telbivudine
167
Reduction of N/V/D of 5-FC (flucytosine) can be accomplished by ______
Reducing the rate of administration
168
Which RXs are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?
1. End w/ "vudine"2. Tenofavir (disoproxil/alafenamide)3. Emtricitabine4. Abacavir
169
Which anti-retroviral can cause kidney stones?
Indinavir
170
Which RX has an AE that causes:1. Inj. site reactions2. Hypersensitivity3. Increase % of bacterial pneumonia
Enfuvirtide
171
MOA of Amphotericin B?
Binds to ergosterol + forms a channelsCauses loss of ions and small moleculespH lowers
172
_______ works as a host cytokine and has antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects. It is used for Hep B, Hep C and has been tried in numerous other viral conditions when no known therapeutic agent is known to work.
Interferon alpha 2 b (a is for Hep B)
173
Flucytosine MOA?
Enters cell via cytosine permease and changes to 5-FUImpairs fungal DNA synthesis
174
Ampicillin resistant and vancomycin resistantWhich AB do you choose?
OrtivacinLinezolid, tedizolidDaptomycinTigecycline
175
Which RX is an CCR5 inhibitor?
Maraviroc
176
What are some warnings associated w/ Adevovir Dipivoxil?
1. Nephrotoxicity2. Increase of serum creatinine
177
Cephalosporin AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
CeftazidimeCefepimeCeftolozane/tazCefazidime/avibactam
178
What class of antifungals inhibit glucan synthesis?
Echinocandins
179
Gram-negative, coccobacilli
Haemophilus
180
Monobactam AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aztreonam
181
NRTI MOA?
Has to be tri-phosphorylated by host1. Thymidine kinase2. Thymidylate kinase (Rate-limiting)3. Pyrimidine ND kinaseBinds/inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme
182
Which RX is used against acyclovir-resistant HSV and VZV infections?
Foscarnet
183
Polyenes target what?Nucleic acid synthesisInhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall)Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane)Direct membrane damage
Direct membrane damage
184
Which RX is used to boost bioavailiability and pharmacokinetics of protease inhibitors?
Ritonavir
185
Echinocandins target what?Nucleic acid synthesisInhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall)Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane)Direct membrane damage
Inhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall)
186
Which RXs are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)?
1. End w/ "virine" (3)2. End w/ "virenz" (1)3. End w/ "virapine" (1)
187
What is the MOA of Entecavir?
Inhibits HBV by:1. Prime DNA polymerase2. Reverse transcriptase3. DNA synthesis
188
Echinocandin inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting __________ synthase
beta(1,3) D-glucan
189
What are some specific AE of isavuconazole?
Hypokalemia
190
Which class of anti-retrovirals has some sulfonamides in them?
Protease inhibitors specifically:DarunavirTipranavirFosamprenavir
191
Which RX is superior to adefovir?
Tenofovir
192
1. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive cocci that is an aerobic catalase-positive and coagulase negative.a. Trueb. False
b. False
193
________, is the oral, enhanced bioavailable and less frequently dosed prodrug of penciclovir.
Famciclovir
194
Targets: Nucleic acid synthesisFlucytosineEchinocandinsAzolesPolyenes
Flucytosine
195
For HCV, what class does Daclatasvir belong to?
NS5A inhibitor
196
_______ is the antiretroviral that has an adverse event described as hypersensitivity more likely to occur in persons who are HLA*B5701 positive.
Abacavir
197
Valganciclovir is a prodrug to what?
Ganciclovir
198
_________ is/are the class(es) of antiretrovirals that is considered the most potent (requires the smallest amount of drug present to have the greatest impact on the host’s cell ability to replicate virus).A. Protease inhibitorB. Fusion inhibitor / Attachment inhibitorC. Attachment inhibitorD. Non-nucleoside / Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorE. Integrase inhibitor
E. Integrase inhibitor
199
For HCV, what class does Dasabuvir belong to?
NS5B inhibitor
200
Name 1 of 2 agents that inhibit Hep C replication via inhibition of the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B:
SofosobuvirDasabuvir
201
Abacavir AE?
Cardiovascular toxicity
202
Which RX has AE of pigmentation of soles/palms?
Emtricitabine
203
Dasabuvir AE?
Rash + puritis
204
Azoles target what?Nucleic acid synthesisInhibits glucan synthesis (cell wall)Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane)Direct membrane damage
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (cell membrane)
205
4. Which of the following does NOT work on bacterial ribosomal subunits?a. Aminoglycosidesb. Macrolidesc. Clindamycind. Fluoroquinolones
d. Fluoroquinolones
206
We know that Maraviroc is a CCR5 receptor antagonist, what unique MOA does this RX have?
Active against viruses that have become resistant to antiretroviral agents of other classes
207
What drugs are made up in the NS5B inhibitor class used against HCV?
End w/ "buvir"1. Sofosobuvir2. Dasabuvir
208
Which RXs are integrase inhibitors?
End w/ "gravir"EX: Raltegravir
209
For HCV, what class does Grazoprevir belong to?
Protease inhibitor
210
Phosphonic Acid AB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fosfomycin
211
_______ is the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that has an adverse event described as hypopigmentation of the soles of the feet or palms of the hands.
Emtricitabine
212
Which enzyme is responsible for activating flucytosine?
Cytosine deaminase
213
What is the MOA of IFN for HBV treatment?
Acts as host cytokineHas antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects
214
Gram-positive cocci, aerobic catalase-positive, coagulase negativeS. aureus or S. epidermidis?
S. epidermidis
215
Hepatitis is a (DNA/RNA) virus
DNA, partially double stranded
216
Sofosobuvir AE?
Rash + pruritus + anemia
217
_______ is the protease inhibitor that is only available as a fixed dose combination with ritonavir.
Lopinavir/r
218
3. Enterococcus is a gram-positive Cocci that is aerobic and catalase negativea. True b. False
a. True
219
Gram-positive cocci, aerobic, catalase-positive, coagulase positiveS. aureus or S. epidermidis?
S. aureus
220
____, is the oral, enhanced bioavailable and less frequently dosed prodrug of ganciclovir.
Valganciclovir
221
Valacyclovir is a prodrug to what?
Acyclovir
