Cerebellum

Question 1

how many lobes in the cerebullum

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what are the 3 lobes in the cerebellum

Answer 2

anterior, posterior, and flocculondoular

Question 3

What are the 4 rules of 3 in the cerebellum

Answer 3

3 functional subdivisions, 3 pairs of peduncles, 3 pairs of deep nuclei and 3 cortical layers

Question 4

what are the 4 functions of cerebullum

Answer 4

Movement coordination, maintenance of posture, maintenance of muscle tone and balance, motor learning

Question 5

what percentage of neurones in the cerebellum

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

where is the cerebellum situated

Answer 6

posterior brainstem

Question 7

what does the cerebellum integrate

Answer 7

sensory input and motor outputs making it an ideal location for motor learning

Question 8

damage to the cerebellum causes..

Answer 8

severe movement disruption but not complete movement abolition-

Question 9

what is axtia

Answer 9

abnormal execution of multi jointed voluntary movements (n lack of coordination)

Question 10

what can axtia be caused by

Answer 10

stroke, multiple sclerosis and tumor/ brain damage

Question 11

what are the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 11

denate, interposed and fastigial nucleus

Question 11

what is a penduncle

Answer 11

a large bundle of neurons that are in the shape of a stalk

Question 11

What are the 3 cerebullar penduncies

Answer 11

superior, middle and inferior

Question 11

what are the 3 cerebellar cortex

Answer 11

cerebrocerebellum, spinocerebellum, vestiobulocerebellum

Question 11

the cerebellum is connected to the what aspect of the brain stem

Answer 11

dorsal

Question 11

the cerebellum is connected to the dorsal brainstem by what

Answer 11

3 symmetrical pairs of peduncles

Question 12

state the 2 facts about the superior peduncle

Answer 12

no input and output to motor cortex - via thalamus and red nucleus

Question 13

state 2 facts about middle peduncle

Answer 13

no outputs, inputs from motor cortex via pons.

Question 14

state 2 facts for inferior peduncle

Answer 14

inputs from the inferior olivary nucleus, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei, outputs to reticular formation - brainstem, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei.

Question 15

what does the cerebellar cortex do

Answer 15

integrates inputs from the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord and regulates motor outputs.

Question 16

what are the 2 inputs for cerebrocerebellum

Answer 16

pons, from motor cortex - via thalamus
inferior olive, motor c. and via red nucleus and spinal cord

Question 17

what is the output for cerebrocerebellum

Answer 17

denate nucleus , to motor c. via thaalmus

Question 18

what does the corocerebellum do

Answer 18

involved in motor planning and projects to and from the cerebral, (motor cortex)

Question 19

cerebrocereebllum is the what hemisphere

Answer 19

lateral ( located on the bottom)

Question 20

what 2 parts comprise the spinocerebellum

Answer 20

vermis and intermediate cortex

Question 21

what does the spinocerebellar do

Answer 21

regulates body and limb movements

Question 22

what are the 2 input for spinocerebellum

Answer 22

vermis - head and trunk and intermediate cortex - limbs

Question 23

where is the spinocerebellar located in the cerebellar cortex

Answer 23

at the top

Question 24

what are the 2 inputs for the spinocerebellum

Answer 24

Vermis - [spinal cord carrying sensory info. from trunk and head intermediate cortex - spinal cord carrying sensory info. from limbs

Question 25

what are the 4 out puts for spinocerebellum

Answer 25

vermis - fastigial nucleus to medial descending tracts - reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts and motor execution intermediate cortex- motor planning and lateral descending tracts of corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts

Question 26

what is the output for vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 26

vestibular nucleus to axial and proximal muscles - limb extensors and head and eye muscles

Question 27

what is the input for vestibulocerebellum

Answer 27

vestibular nucleus from semicircular canals and otolith organs

Question 28

what is the other name for vestiobulocerebellum

Answer 28

flocculondular lobe

Question 29

what does the vestiobulocerebellum do

Answer 29

regulates balance and eye movements

Question 30

what are the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 30

fastigial, denate and interposed

Question 31

where is denate nuclei located

Answer 31

cerebrocerebellum

Question 32

where is the deep interposed nuclei located

Answer 32

intermediate cortex

Question 33

where is the fastigial deep nuclei located

Answer 33

vermis in spinocerebellum

Question 34

what is the output for fastigial deep nuclei

Answer 34

to the reticular formation and vestibular nucleus via inferior peduncle

Question 35

what is the output for denate deep nuclei

Answer 35

motor cortex via superior peduncle and thalamus

Question 36

what is the output for the interposed deep nuclei

Answer 36

red nucleus via superior peduncle

Question 37

where does the cerebellar cortex receive input from (3)

Answer 37

pontine nuclei, inferior olive (climbing fibers only ) spinal cord and vestibular nuclei.

Question 38

what are the 3 cerebellar cortex outputs

Answer 38

cerebrocerebellum - denate nucleus spinocerebellum - interposed and fastigial nuclei vestiobulocerebellum- vestibular nuclei

Question 39

what is the 3 points of out puts for cerebrocerebellum

Answer 39

cerebrocerebellum - denate nucleus - premotor cortex - motor planning

Question 40

what are the 3 points of outputs ofr spinocerebellum

Answer 40

spinocerebellum - interposed and fastigial nuclei

Question 41

what are the 3 ouputs for vestiobulocerebellum

Answer 41

vestiobulocerebellum- vestibular nuclei- neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem (balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation)

Question 42

what are the 5 elements in cerebellar circuitry

Answer 42

mossy fibers, granule cells, climbing fibers, Purkinje cells and parallel fibres

Question 43

how many layer re there in the cerebellar circuitry

Answer 43

3

Question 44

what are the 3 layers in the cerebellar circuity

Answer 44

granule, Purkinje and molecular

Question 45

what layer in the cerebellar circuity is deep to superficial

Answer 45

deepest is granule layer and most superficial is molecular

Question 46

what type of fibres crosses a purkinje cell

Answer 46

parallel fibres

Question 47

dendrite receive afferent information from what 2 fibres

Answer 47

climbing and parallel

Question 48

what is the output of purkinje cells

Answer 48

deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 49

what is the ratio of input for purkinje cells

Answer 49

40:1 input to output

Question 50

what is the function of purkinje cells

Answer 50

release a NT called GABA, which inhibits neurons and reduces transmission of nerve impulses - they control/ coordinate and regulate movement ----- inhibit

Question 51

what are mossy fibres

Answer 51

primary neurons that carry information into cerebellum can activate granule cells and cerebellum nuclei

Question 52

granule cells attach to what type of fibre

Answer 52

parallel fibres

Question 53

after the granule cell and parallel fibres attach, what occurs

Answer 53

they synapse with dendrites of Purkinje cells

Question 54

what occurs when the Purkinje fibres are activated

Answer 54

inhibit cerebellar nuclei which modulates motor output

Question 55

the climbing fibre does what

Answer 55

excites the Purkinje cells directly (can sense signals to elicit learning)

Question 56

the eye blink response is an example of what

Answer 56

cerebellum sensorimotor learning

Question 57

what are major inputs via

Answer 57

mossy and climbing fibres

Question 58

cerebellum receives inputs from where

Answer 58

the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 59

cerebellum outputs go where

Answer 59

thalamus and brainstem

Question 60

climbing fibre activation leads to what

Answer 60

learning by changing Purkinje cell response to mossy fibre input