Planning movement

Question 1

Fitts law basic concept

Answer 1

the slower you are, the more accurate. more speed = less accuracy

Question 2

Fitts law 3 concepts of size, speed and distance

Answer 2

the bigger or closer something is the simpler, easier or more eye catching. The quicker something is to do the better

Question 3

What can fitts law do

Answer 3

predict human behaviour

Question 4

What is the basic concept of two third power law

Answer 4

Curved movements take longer than straight lines

Question 5

what relationship does it show

Answer 5

shows a relationship between geometrical and temporal aspects of human movement

Question 6

two third power law states that an increased velocity is lower in more what movement

Answer 6

curvature

Question 7

what type of relationship does two third power law show with curvature and anuglar speed when drawing curves

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

Define kinematics

Answer 8

The study of mechanics of studying movement/ motion of objects /body’s- without referencing forces

Question 9

Displacement definition

Answer 9

the shortest distance between 2 points

Question 10

vector definition

Answer 10

a measurable quantity that has magnitude and direction.

Question 11

scalar definition

Answer 11

a quantity with only magnitude, no direction

Question 12

distance definition

Answer 12

a length of space between 2 points

Question 13

velocity definition and equation

Answer 13

rate of change of displacement - v=Distance speed/Time

Question 14

is velocity a scalar or a vector and why

Answer 14

vector, has direction

Question 15

speed equation

Answer 15

speed = distance over time

Question 16

acceleration defintion

Answer 16

increase in velocity (has direction - a vector)

Question 17

inverse and forward kinematics can do what

Answer 17

calculate motion of a system of joints and bones and robotics

Question 18

when is inverse kinematics used

Answer 18

when a position of end chain is known

Question 19

forward kinematics is used when what

Answer 19

the position of the intermediate joints are known and end joint position is known

Question 20

why is inverse kinematics useful

Answer 20

defining goal position

Question 21

forward kinematics is

Answer 21

the calculation of position and orientation of an end effector using variables of the joint

Question 22

forward kinematics can also

Answer 22

calculation position and orientation of end effector

Question 23

inverse kinematics is the calculation of

Answer 23

the variables of the set of joints and linkages connected to an ed effector

Question 24

inverse dynamics relies on

Answer 24

motion of subject and a body

Question 25

what does inverse dynamics do

Answer 25

calculate forces needed to create movement

Question 26

forwards dynamics uses what to predict what

Answer 26

forces and or torque to predict resultant motions

Question 27

what can forward dynamics help do

Answer 27

predict orientations of each link in articulated body

Question 28

what factor may impact movement?

Answer 28

resistance

Question 29

define torque in 3 ways

Answer 29

force x distance or length the tendency of a force to turn or twist torque is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate - a vector

Question 30

what does the brain act as when planning movement

Answer 30

a controller

Question 31

what are the 2 strategies for planning movement in the brain

Answer 31

feedback and feedforward

Question 32

define feedforward - both names

Answer 32

open loop , predetermined plan

Question 33

feedback definition

Answer 33

closed loop , case by case control

Question 34

feedback is trial and error - true or false

Answer 34

true

Question 35

what is policy

Answer 35

desire to move

Question 35

what acts as information gathering of how far muscles will stretch and act to get to desired position

Answer 35

muscle spindles

Question 35

varability is

Answer 35

when you repeat the same movement and it is different each time

Question 36

when you repeat the same movement and it is different each time is is called

Answer 36

variability

Question 36

localisation definition

Answer 36

becoming located or fixed in a particular place:

Question 37

what is a reference frame

Answer 37

use letters like x y z to determine up down and side to side and right or left to help determine for coordinates

Question 38

what is extrinsic information

Answer 38

information received from external sources, outside of the body - like visual or auditory cue

Question 39

what is intrinsic information

Answer 39

kinematic or kinetic information from inside the body

Question 40

what is kinetics

Answer 40

the study of forces that cause motion

Question 41

what 3 organs does the body use for information for movement

Answer 41

muscle spindles Golgi tendons mechano reactors

Question 42

define golgi tendons

Answer 42

is a organ receptor loctaed at teh junction of the muscle and tendon

Question 43

what do golgi tendons do

Answer 43

it is a mechanoreceptor that plays an important role in regulating muscle tone. protects from excessive force and limits risk of injury

Question 44

what happens when the golgi tendon is stimulated

Answer 44

sends a message to the brain that relaxes the muscle

Question 45

what does the golgi tendon sense

Answer 45

muscle tension

Question 46

what is a mechanorepctor

Answer 46

a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion

Question 47

what are mechanorepctors innervated by

Answer 47

sensory neurons

Question 48

where are electrical signals sent from mechanoreceptors

Answer 48

CNS

Question 49

What are muscle spindles

Answer 49

stretch receptors in the body of a skeletal muscle

Question 50

what do muscle spindles do

Answer 50

detetc changes in length of the muscle

Question 51

what do muscle spindles do 2

Answer 51

convey information of muscle length to the CNA via afferent nerve fiber's

Question 52

what is a spinal reflex

Answer 52

spinal reflex are involuntary movements initated by sensory receptors

Question 53

how do spinal reflexes occur

Answer 53

activation of neurons

Question 54

spinal reflexes are a type of what

Answer 54

involuntary reflex

Question 55

voluntary movements require what

Answer 55

higher-level cortical control

Question 56

cortical control is in which part of the brain - 2 part s

Answer 56

cerebral cortex in the frontal lobe

Question 57

what does cortical control do to help movement planning

Answer 57

generates a plan

Question 58

sensorimotor transformations definition

Answer 58

process by which sensory stimuli are converted into motor commands - in order to respond to environment or stimuli

Question 59

how does the nervous system generate motor command

Answer 59

the nervous system compares the current sensory state to the desired state and transforms sensory coordinates into motor system coordinates - generating muscle movement

Question 60

what are the 4 stages of movement planning

Answer 60

locate, plan movement, find a plan, execute

Question 61

what is egocentric coordinate system

Answer 61

geometrical orientation linked to a body/object

Question 62

exteroceptive information example

Answer 62

visual or auditory

Question 63

2 types of extrinsic coordinate system

Answer 63

allocentric or egocentric and exteroceptive

Question 64

allocentric coordinate system definition

Answer 64

world or area centered coordinates