Descending tracts

Question 1

what do the cerebellum and basal ganglia do

Answer 1

regulate motor output

Question 2

what do basal nuclei do

Answer 2

assist in the initiation and termination of the movement

Question 3

what is the basal ganglia

Answer 3

is a group of brain structures that help control movement , learning and emotions

Question 4

what is the basal ganglia responsible for

Answer 4

emotions and learning , control movement

Question 5

what is the thalamus involved with

Answer 5

sensory as well as motor functions of the brain

Question 6

what is the common pathway for spinal cord for motor control

Answer 6

alpha motor neuron

Question 7

what is the basic motor system

Answer 7

input from local circuit neurons within the spinal cord directly from the brainstem and moot cortex

Question 8

what does the cerebellum and basal ganglia do

Answer 8

modulate motor output

Question 9

what assists the initiation and termination of movement

Answer 9

basal nuclei

Question 10

what assists the posture and movement coordination by detecting errors

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

what is the thalamus

Answer 11

a gateway for cerebellar and basal nuclei input to cerebral cortex

Question 12

what does type of neuron does the spinal cord receive from brainstem and motor cortex

Answer 12

alpha for input into the brain stem

Question 13

the brainstem sends inputs directly to what

Answer 13

spinal cord

Question 14

inputs from brainstem and where go into spinal cord then goes where

Answer 14

motor cortex

Question 15

the spinal cord is linked to the cerebellum and basal ganglia in what way

Answer 15

indirectly

Question 16

the cerebellum will use what to communicate with the spinal cord

Answer 16

brain stem

Question 17

the cerebellum and basal ganglia uses what to relay back to the thalamus

Answer 17

cerebral cortex

Question 18

the thalamus is a gateway for the cerebellum and basal nuclei input into where

Answer 18

cerebral cortex

Question 19

cerebellum modulates what

Answer 19

outputs

Question 20

how many spinal nerves are there

Answer 20

31

Question 21

how many cervical spinal nerves

Answer 21

8

Question 22

how many thoracic spinal nerves

Answer 22

12

Question 23

how many lumbar spinal nerves

Answer 23

5

Question 24

how many sacral spinal nerves are there

Answer 24

5

Question 25

how many spinal nerves in the coccyx

Answer 25

1

Question 26

what type of root is ventral

Answer 26

motor

Question 27

what type of root is dorsal

Answer 27

sensory

Question 28

what is grey matter

Answer 28

cell bodies of neurons

Question 29

what is white matter

Answer 29

tracts that are myelinated axons

Question 30

where does the sensory neurons in the spinal cord go

Answer 30

peripheries

Question 31

what type of information does the dorsal ganglia receive from the dorsal horn and into the spinal cord

Answer 31

afferent / ascending

Question 32

what are the 2 types of motor neuron

Answer 32

autonomic and somatic

Question 33

what does somatic neurons do

Answer 33

innervates skeletal muscle

Question 34

what does autonomic motor neurons do

Answer 34

innervates cardiac tissue and smooth muscle in airways and blood vessels

Question 35

what does the anterior horn of spinal cord have

Answer 35

axons of motor neurons

Question 36

where does sensory information come from

Answer 36

dorsal root

Question 37

sensory information coming through the dorsal root can be what

Answer 37

somatic or autonomic

Question 38

the type of neuron will determine what

Answer 38

what type of muscle is innervated - cardiac or skeletal

Question 39

The corticospinal tract comes from where

Answer 39

primary motor cortex (top of brain)

Question 40

the rubrospinal tract comes from where

Answer 40

mid brain - red nucleus

Question 41

reticulospinal tract comes from

Answer 41

pons and medulla

Question 42

vestibular spinal tract comes from where

Answer 42

vestibular nuclei

Question 43

the ascending tracts are what type of info

Answer 43

sensory as they coming to the brain

Question 44

what type of info is descending tract

Answer 44

motor as coming from brain to muscles to move

Question 45

what 2 tracts makeup lateral descending tract

Answer 45

cortico and rubro R for lateRal

Question 46

what 2 tracts make up the medial descending tract

Answer 46

reticulo and vestibulo O pair

Question 47

flexors somatotopy is where

Answer 47

medial section

Question 48

where are the extensors somatotopy

Answer 48

lateral

Question 49

what is the largest tract

Answer 49

corticospinal

Question 50

what is the main tract for descending

Answer 50

cortico

Question 51

indirect connections for corticospinal tract is known as what

Answer 51

bulbar

Question 52

what type of movement is cortico tract responsible for

Answer 52

voluntary

Question 53

what does the bulbar have connections to

Answer 53

brainstem

Question 54

the cortico has direct and indirect connections to what type of nueron

Answer 54

motor

Question 55

cortico has direct pathways of which aspects

Answer 55

lateral and anterior / ventral

Question 56

lateral corticospinal tract comes from which part of brain

Answer 56

motor cortex

Question 57

where does the lateral corticospinal tract send information to

Answer 57

spinal cord

Question 58

lateral corticospinal tract has alpha motor neurons to do what for movement

Answer 58

innervate skeletal muscles

Question 59

ventral corti is aka

Answer 59

anterior

Question 60

where does ventral corti from

Answer 60

motor cortex PG - perecental gyrus

Question 61

where does ventral corti go to

Answer 61

spinal cord

Question 62

proximal parts of limbs are related to which tract

Answer 62

ventral corti

Question 63

which muscles / part of the body does the lateral cortico innervate

Answer 63

distal limbs - hands and lower leg

Question 64

the more connections there are in the brain means

Answer 64

better dexterity

Question 65

can humans adapt spinal cord

Answer 65

no- bc of direct connections to spinal cord

Question 66

corticospinal tract has connections which helps control

Answer 66

fine movements

Question 67

what is the babisnki sign

Answer 67

stimulation of the bottom of the foot - using a pen - causing the foot to flex toes in response

Question 68

what happens when lack of babinski

Answer 68

shows damage/ lesions / abnormalities to the corticospinal tract

Question 69

what can stimulate motor cortex

Answer 69

electrical or magnetic stimulation

Question 70

what is safer electrical or magnetic stim

Answer 70

magnetic

Question 71

each part of the primary motor cortex has a part of what represented in the brain

Answer 71

the body

Question 72

what tract consists of the motor cortex and brain stem

Answer 72

corticobulbar

Question 73

what does the corticobulbar tract do

Answer 73

relay to the brainstem, control of breathing and terminates mainly on interneurons

Question 74

what are included in cranial nerves for corticobulbar tract

Answer 74

pons - facial expression and medulla - tongue

Question 75

the corticobulbar tract innervates interneurons and

Answer 75

cranial nerves

Question 76

what is the function of rubrospinal tract

Answer 76

voluntary control of muscle

Question 77

axons originating from where to cross the midline of ventral midbrain

Answer 77

red nucleus

Question 78

which tract can compensate for damage to the corticospinal tract

Answer 78

rubrospinal

Question 79

where does the reticulospinal tract originate from

Answer 79

reticular formation

Question 80

what are the 2 tracts of reticulospinal

Answer 80

lateral - medullary medial - pontine

Question 81

reticular formation coordinates body functions for

Answer 81

survival

Question 82

where does the vestibulospinal tract originate

Answer 82

vestibular nuclei in pons medulla junction - VNP-MJ

Question 83

How many tracts are there in the vestibulospinal tract

Answer 83

2

Question 84

what are the 2 vestibulospinal tracts

Answer 84

lateral and medial

Question 85

what information is linked to the vestibulospinal

Answer 85

balance, posture and muscle tone

Question 86

what does the descending vestibulo tract innervate

Answer 86

neck msucles

Question 87

what does the ascending vestibulo spinal tract innervate

Answer 87

oculomotor nuclei - eye movements

Question 88

where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract come from

Answer 88

CMVN Contralateral medial vestibular nuclei pons medulla junction

Question 89

where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract descend through

Answer 89

ventral funiculus - VF CSC - cervical spinal cord -

Question 90

what part is the vestibulospinal cord coming from

Answer 90

lateral nucleus vestibular pons medulla junction

Question 91

where does the lateral vestibulo tract descend

Answer 91

whole spinal cord

Question 92

what information does the lateral vestibu. tract receive

Answer 92

inhibitory inputs from cerebellum

Question 93

medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce excitation of what muscles

Answer 93

extensors

Question 94

Medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce inhibition of what muscles

Answer 94

flexors

Question 95

what is the main role of vestbu. tract

Answer 95

maintaining posture and balance

Question 96

what 2 tracts control movement

Answer 96

cortico and rubro - laterals

Question 97

what 2 tracts control autonomic function, posture and balance,

Answer 97

medial recticulo and rubro

Question 98

what is the biggest tract

Answer 98

cortico

Question 99

cortico has high dexterity - t or f

Answer 99

t