Cerebellum

Question 1

Cerebellum: white matter on the _____ and grey matter on the _____

Answer 1

inside; outside

Question 2

Deep nuclei are _____ matter

Answer 2

grey

Question 3

The cerebellum forms the roof of the _____ ventricle

Answer 3

fourth

Question 4

If unfolded, SA of the cerebellum would equal that of one of the cerebral hemispheres; as ______ 50 % of neurons in your brain reside in the cerebellum

Answer 4

greater than 50%

Question 5

Unlike the cerebral cortex (Brodmann’s areas) the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum is

Answer 5

the same all over

Question 6

T/F is the cytoarchitecture conserved in different animals from mammals to fish to birds?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Everything is in

Answer 7

threes

Question 8

Anatomical zones ______ match up with functional zones

Answer 8

don’t

Question 9

Vermis is along the

Answer 9

midline

Question 10

Vermis is flanked by the ______ zones that lie between the vermis and the cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 10

intermediate

Question 11

Where is the Flocculo-nodule lobe

Answer 11

tucked underneath the vermis

Question 12

_________ regulates muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement

Answer 12

spinocerebellum

Question 13

_______ aids learning of skilled movement; allows them to become more rapid and precise with learning

Answer 13

cerebrocerebellum

Question 14

______ maintenance of balance, control of eye movements

Answer 14

vestibulocerebellum

Question 15

The three deep cerebellar nuclei provide coordinating ______ to a variety of motor pathways

Answer 15

output

Question 16

T/F the three deep cerebellar nuclei provide all of the output from cerebellum

Answer 16

True, all output of the cerebellum passes through these nuclei

Question 17

Superior cerebellar peduncle: ______ to cortex

Answer 17

ouput

Question 18

______ peduncle asks how can I adjust my motor output to get there

Answer 18

superior

Question 19

Middle peduncle: ______ from cortex via pons

Answer 19

input

Question 20

_______ peduncle asks where do I want to be (copy of motor command)

Answer 20

middle

Question 21

Inferior peduncle: _______ from body and inferior olive

Answer 21

input

Question 22

_______ peduncle asks where am I? what am I doing?

Answer 22

inferior

Question 23

Which peduncle has some output to the vestibular nuclei

Answer 23

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 24

T/F superior cerebellar peduncle–almost all fibers are efferent from cerebellum to contralateral cortex

Answer 24

True

Question 25

what does the superior cerebellar fibers exit the cerebellum via

Answer 25

via deep cerebellar nuclei to contra thalamus (then motor cortex) and red nucleus

Question 26

______ cerebellar peduncle is output from the cerebellum up to brain

Answer 26

superior

Question 27

Superior cerebellar peduncle provides important feedback for lateral motor systems via motor cortex ________ and red nucleus _______

Answer 27

corticospinal; rubrospinal

Question 28

Superior cerebellar peduncle: Deep nuclei receive _________ inhibitory inputs from purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex

Answer 28

GABAergic

Question 29

Where is the middle cerebellar peduuncle located

Answer 29

In the pons

Question 30

One massive component of the middle cerebellar peduncles is the cerebellar input (afferent) via the _________ pontine nucleus

Answer 30

contralateral

Question 31

Pontine nuclei is the grey matter of ______ _____ ______

Answer 31

well marbled steak

Question 32

Where is the inferior cerebellar peduncle located

Answer 32

in dorso-lateral rostral medulla

Question 33

T/F almost all fibers are afferent in the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the cerebellum from sensory input

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: ______ input from inner ear

Answer 34

vestibular

Question 35

Inferior peduncle: ______ input from muslces and joints

Answer 35

proprioceptive

Question 36

Output/feedback from cerebellum via the inferior peduncle goes back to _____ nuclei

Answer 36

vestibular

Question 37

What are the three layers of the cerebral cortex from outer to inner

Answer 37

molecular layer purkinje layer granular layer

Question 38

The molecular layer is mostly _____ of granule cells with a few _______

Answer 38

axons; cell bodies

Question 39

___ row of purkinje cells

Answer 39

single

Question 40

Bottom layer is densely packed with small granule _____ _____

Answer 40

cell bodies

Question 41

P dendrites are _____ and nearly _______ with the axons of the granule cells running through them

Answer 41

planar; 2D

Question 42

Are there many synapses in purkinje dendrites

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

What does the many synapses in the purkinje dendrites mean for the brain

Answer 43

high degree of plasticity

Question 44

What are the three axon types

Answer 44

climbing fibers, mossy fibers, parallel fibers

Question 45

Purkinje cells: sole source of _____ from cerebellar cortex to deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 45

output

Question 46

purkinje cells are _______ inhibiting deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 46

GABAergic

Question 47

Are there a ton of granule cells

Answer 47

YES

Question 48

________ cells receive input via mossy fibers from pontine nuclei, brining info in from the body

Answer 48

granule

Question 49

The axons of granule cells rise up into molecular layer and bifucate to go along whole length of cerebellum like teleohone wires forming ________ fibers

Answer 49

parallel

Question 50

The _______ fibers make contact with hundred of purkinje cells, each hit 100s mossy fiber

Answer 50

parallel

Question 51

Climbing fibers originate from the contralateral _______ ______

Answer 51

inferior olive

Question 52

The _______ fibers provide input to purkinje cells, directly wrapping around them

Answer 52

climbing

Question 53

A single climbing fiber contacts up to _____ P Cells

Answer 53

10

Question 54

Each P cell receives ___________ climbing fiber input

Answer 54

only a single

Question 55

Each climbing fiber makes about _____ synapses onto a single P cell

Answer 55

500

Question 56

What does the activation of P cell by climbing fibers result in

Answer 56

strong depolarization

Question 57

Basket cells, golgi cells, and stellate cells act like _____ _____ providing _____ input to purkinje cells

Answer 57

inhibitory interneurons; inhibitory

Question 58

Climbing fibers and mossy fibers/parallel fiber input is all

Answer 58

excitatory

Question 59

_______ and _______ for on going movement

Answer 59

spinocerebellum and vestibulocerebellum

Question 60

__________ for planning of movement

Answer 60

cerebrocerebellum

Question 61

Ataxia

Answer 61

movement that are uncoordinated or inaccurate due to any damage to motor areas

Question 62

_______ decomposition of complex multi-joint movements into parts

Answer 62

Dyssynergia

Question 63

______ poor control of speed and distance for coordinated movements

Answer 63

Dysmetria

Question 64

Damage to cerebellum produces deficits on the ________ side of the body

Answer 64

same