Sensorimotor wrap up

Question 1

Direct Route: motor commands from ________ are edited in a circuit of a few synapses

Answer 1

cerebral cortex

Question 2

Direct route: edited motor commands are sent from the BG to the _______

Answer 2

thalamus

Question 3

__________________ synapses are used, each with different neurotransmitters

Answer 3

both excitatory and inhibitory synapses are used

Question 4

What is double negative

Answer 4

facilitating movement and motivated behaviors

Question 5

Indirect route: motor commands from cerebral cortex are edited in a circuit with…

Answer 5

more synapses through more regions of the BG

Question 6

Indirect route: edited motor commands are sent from the basal ganglia to the _________

Answer 6

thalamus

Question 7

Indirect route: _________ synapses are used, each with different NT

Answer 7

both excitatory and inhibitory

Question 8

What are the type of motor commands that direct pathway regulate

Answer 8

initiating movement
increasing motivation to begin

Question 9

What type of motor commands does indirect pathway contribute to

Answer 9

more difficult to get movement started
reduces the motivation for particular action

Question 10

indirect pathway helps _____ competing or related motor commands to zero in on correct program

Answer 10

suppress

Question 11

Both indirect and direct path are driven by input from

Answer 11

SN

Question 12

SN is functionally part of the basal ganglia but located in the

Answer 12

midbrain

Question 13

SN is one of the few places where _______ is synthesized

Answer 13

dopamine

Question 14

SN: provides additional input to ________ particularly important for selecting which motor programs to activate

Answer 14

striatum

Question 15

SN will ______ some cells, ______ others

Answer 15

stimulate; inhibit

Question 16

Striatal neurons of the direct pathway have _____ type receptors

Answer 16

D1

Question 17

Striatal neurons of the indirect pathway have ___ type receptors

Answer 17

D2

Question 18

________ nucleus is the only directly excitatory part of the BG

Answer 18

subthalamic nucleus

Question 19

Rest of BG is layers of _______

Answer 19

inhibition

Question 20

Extrapyramidal side loops: Cerebellum and basal ganglia form loops beginning and ending with cerebral cortex, relayed back through subregions of ________ thalamus

Answer 20

VL

Question 21

Extra Pyramidal side loops: Edits _______ output taking into account PFC and sensory inputs as well

Answer 21

motor

Question 22

Extra Pyramidal side loops: basal ganglia project back up to _________ cortex, which then targets muscles on the opposite side of the body

Answer 22

ipsilateral

Question 23

__________ projection: unilateral damage to cerebellum leads to motor deficits ipsilateral to that damage

Answer 23

Unilateral damage

Question 24

Cerebro-cerebellar projection: Input from cortex to cerebellum _____ in the pons

Answer 24

decussates

Question 25

Cerebro-cerebellar projection: output from cerebellar back to cortex also ______ in the pons

Answer 25

decussates

Question 26

Cerebellum info is__________ to representations in brain Cerebellum info is___________ to body & spinal cord pathways

Answer 26

contralateral ipsilateral

Question 27

Which two cerebellar peduncles decussate

Answer 27

Superior and middle

Question 28

What peduncle does not decussate

Answer 28

inferior

Question 29

Where do we see the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 29

caudal midbrain

Question 30

Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal ________ decussate

Answer 30

do not

Question 31

Produces highly accurate saccades faster than sensory input can be processed consciously

Answer 31

Superior colliculus

Question 32

Light in one point in space activates ______ section of SC

Answer 32

large

Question 33

Location and size of SC activity encodes direction and size of required fast eye movement (_______)

Answer 33

saccades

Question 34

Distributed encoding of instructions for how to move eyes towards visual stimulus prior to consciousness (_______)

Answer 34

population coding