Unit 1 Final Exam

Question 1

The ectoderm will help create

Answer 1

CNS and Skin

Question 2

All the parts of the CNS arise from a specialized region of the ectoderm called the

Answer 2

neural Plate

Question 3

Where is the neural plate located

Answer 3

along the dorsal midline of the embryo where the spine will form

Question 4

Cell division along the ______ region of the neural plate is faster than cell proliferation near the _____

Answer 4

border; middle

Question 5

Thus, edges expand forming the ________________ where as the central bottoms out forming the _________-

Answer 5

neural fold; neural groove (valley)

Question 6

The indentation deepens until it closes completely forming the neural

Answer 6

tube

Question 7

Closure of the neural tube happens first

Answer 7

near the top

Question 8

Open fluid-filled space inside the neural tube becomes the

Answer 8

ventricular system

Question 9

Prosencephalon aka

Answer 9

forebrain

Question 10

Cerebral cortex, BG, and thalamus from the

Answer 10

prosencephalon

Question 11

Mesencephalon or

Answer 11

midbrain

Question 12

Brainstem aka midbrain from

Answer 12

mesencephalon

Question 13

Rhombencephalon aka

Answer 13

hindbrain

Question 14

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

Answer 14

rhombencephalon

Question 15

telencephalon becomes the

Answer 15

cerbral cortex and BG

Question 16

Diencephalon becomes the

Answer 16

hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 17

olfactory bulbs are from the

Answer 17

telencephalon

Question 18

olfactory cups from

Answer 18

diencephalon

Question 19

Telencephalic vesicles expand into the

Answer 19

cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

open fluid-filled space within the telencephalon becomes the

Answer 20

lateral ventricles

Question 21

open fluid-filled space within the diencephalon becomes

Answer 21

third ventricle

Question 22

Tectum and tegmentum comes from what

Answer 22

mesencephalon

Question 23

Open fluid filled space within the midbrain becomes

Answer 23

cerebral aqueduct

Question 24

metencephalon forms

Answer 24

pons and cerebellum

Question 25

Myelencephalon forms

Answer 25

medulla

Question 26

Sulcus is a

Answer 26

valley

Question 27

Gyrus is a

Answer 27

hill

Question 28

higher order animal tends to have more complex cortex, meaning more layers of neurons T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Typically how many layers of the Neocortex

Answer 29

6 layers

Question 30

More neurons means what

Answer 30

more processing power

Question 31

Sensory cortex has large input layer aka layer

Answer 31

IV

Question 32

Motor cortex is mostly output so the output layer (___ and ___) are very large while layer lV is quite small

Answer 32

V and Vl

Question 33

Brain function is ________

Answer 33

localized

Question 34

In general, Brain function is

Answer 34

cross lateralized

Question 35

Sagittal cuts our bodies

Answer 35

in two sides

Question 36

Coronal cuts our bodies

Answer 36

in two sides (front and back)

Question 37

Horizontal cuts our bodies

Answer 37

in two halves (superior and inferior)

Question 38

The limbic lobe surrounds what

Answer 38

corpus callosum

Question 39

_______ lobe: cognition, decision-making, motor cortex

Answer 39

frontal

Question 40

T/F prefrontal cortex is frontal lobe minus the motor cortex strip

Answer 40

T

Question 41

_____ lobe: vision

Answer 41

occipital

Question 42

_____ lobe: integrates spatial information and other senses

Answer 42

Parietal

Question 43

_______ lobe: audition, speech/language, memory, emotion, object recognition

Answer 43

Temporal

Question 44

White matter

Answer 44

axons myelinated

Question 45

Grey matter

Answer 45

cell bodies

Question 46

What is the organization of the spinal cord cross-section

Answer 46

grey mattter on the inside and white on the outside

Question 47

On what basis did Brodmann develop his map of 46 different areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 47

cytoarchitecture and cell layers

Question 48

What structure during lab 1 made it so difficult to create

Answer 48

hippocampus and fornix swoops through the cerebrum at a curved angle

Question 49

T/F vertebrate brains have the same basic regions

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Do reptiles have small or large cortex

Answer 50

small

Question 51

Do primates have a small or large cortex

Answer 51

large

Question 52

Does the brain to body mass ratio predict cognitive ability

Answer 52

No

Question 53

Humans with larger bodies have larger brains but they have the same number of

Answer 53

neurons--not predictive of intelligence

Question 54

What is the Encephalization quotient

Answer 54

How large is the brain expected to be based on body size and other metrics?

Question 55

What is the best measure of cognitive ability

Answer 55

neuron packing density in the cortex--but still not 100% known

Question 56

The CNS is further protected as a result of being suspended within the ______ partially anchoring it to the skulll

Answer 56

meninges

Question 57

The meninges encase the brain in the CSF around it to allow...

Answer 57

brain to 'float', lessening the force of impact

Question 58

___________: floating means the brain is lighter than if it were in the air

Answer 58

buoyancy

Question 59

What is the outer meninges

Answer 59

dura mater

Question 60

What is the inner meninges

Answer 60

Pia mater

Question 61

The Ventricular system is filled with

Answer 61

CSF

Question 62

T/F Does the ventricular system allow for the maintenance of homeostasis of neuroendocrine factors by flushing out of the brain into the bloodstream

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Where is CSF produced

Answer 63

choroid plexus

Question 64

Where are spinal taps done

Answer 64

lumbar cistern

Question 65

Certain pathologies can clog the narrowest portions of the ventricular system, if this occurs before the skull plates have fused, the ventricle inflates with CSF called

Answer 65

hydrocephalus

Question 66

How is CSF absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 66

at arachnoid villae

Question 67

Bits of arachnoid membrane protrude out through parts of the dura at open spaces (sinuses) creating

Answer 67

arachnoid villae

Question 68

When CSF pressure is greater than the liquid pressure outside, valves

Answer 68

open and allow CSF to release into the cavity above the longitudinal fissure

Question 69

What color is Nissl stain

Answer 69

violet

Question 70

What does the Nissl stain stain

Answer 70

RER purple

Question 71

what is the Nissl stain great for

Answer 71

seeing cell bodies

Question 72

Nissl stain--does white matter take up any color

Answer 72

not really

Question 73

H&E stain--hematoxylin stains nuclei ______ while Eosin stain cytoplasm _____

Answer 73

purple; pink

Question 74

Can axons and dendrites be distinguished well with the H&E stain

Answer 74

no

Question 75

Weigert myelin stain is classic for staining tissue dark black while leaving unmyelinated tissue _______

Answer 75

pale--so grey matter is pale

Question 76

Luxol fast blue stain stains myelin ____ but also stains ER/other parts _____

Answer 76

blue; purple

Question 77

What is the Luxol Fast Blue stain often paired with

Answer 77

H&E

Question 78

Golgi stain uses silver nitrate and stains entire cells

Answer 78

black