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Cerebellum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

it modulates cortices involved in movement

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2
Q

The spinocerebellum contains the _____.

A

vermis and paravermis

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3
Q

What is the function of the paravermal zone?

A

stretch and withdrawl reflexes

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4
Q

Name the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei.

A
  1. Dentate nucleu
  2. Globose
  3. and emboliform which together make the interposed nucleus
  4. Fastigial Nuclei
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5
Q

Small lesions of the cerebellum have _____ effects.

A

little

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6
Q

What is the function of the interposed nucleus?

A

it fine tunes movements of the limbs

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7
Q

Lateral cerebellar lesions impair _____.

A

the ipsilateral limb

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. molecular layer –>
  2. Purkinje layer –>
  3. internal granular layer –> (white matter –> deep cerebellar nuclei)
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9
Q

Name the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei (principal outputs from the cerebellum).

A
  1. dentate nucleus (most lateral)
  2. interposed nucleus
  3. fastigial nucleus (most medial)
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10
Q

This zone of the cerebellum modulates cortices involved in movement.

A

the cerebrocerebellum

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11
Q

Name the cerebellar functional zone: vestibular nuclei

A

the vestibulocerebellum pathway

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12
Q

Parallel fibers from granule cells converge on _____.

A

Purkinje cells

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13
Q

The granule cells relay the mossy fiber info thru the _____ to the _____.

A

parallel fibers –> Purkinje cells

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14
Q

What is the function of the dentate nucleus?

A

planning, initiation and coordination of voluntary movements

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15
Q

What is the function of the fastigial nucleus?

A

control of axial musculature, posture, balance and integration of head and eye movements

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16
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A
  1. the floculonodular lobe
  2. the anterior lobe
  3. the posterior lobe
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17
Q

What is the output of the cerebrocerebellum pathway?

A

the contralateral VA/VL thalamus (and red nucleus)

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18
Q

This zone of the cerebellum has control of axial skeleton and vestibular control (balance, eye movements).

A

the vestibulocerebellum

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19
Q

Inhibitory interneurons connecting the neighboring Purkinje cells facilitates _____.

A

lateral inhibition

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20
Q

What is the output of the spinocerebellum vermis pathway?

A

fastigial nucleus –> medial decending tracts

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21
Q

How many parallel fibers contact an individual Purkinje cell?

A

TONS!

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22
Q

_____ cerebellar lesions impair the ipsilateral limb.

A

Lateral

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23
Q

What is the Purkinje cell response to excitation by a granule cell?

A

a simple spike

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24
Q

Climbing fibers have a _____ excitation than the mossy fibers, and the Purkinje cells respond with a ______.

A

stronger –> complex spike

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25
Name the cerebellar functional zone: fastigial nucleus --\> medial decending tracts
spinocerebellum vermis pathway
26
Name the cerebellar functional zone: the lateral decending tracts and RED NUCLEUS
the spinocerebellum paravermis pathway
27
What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?
* axial control and balance * eye movement * the vestibuloocular reflex * vestibule-colic reflex * vestibule-spinal reflex
28
What are the inputs to the cerebellum?
* contralateral cortex --\> middle cerebellar peduncle --\> cerebellum * ipsilateral proprioceptive info from spinal cord --\> inferior cerebellar peduncle --\> mossy fibers --\> cerebellum as a copy of the reflex input * contralateral proprioceptive info from spinal cord --\> inferior olivary nucleus (ION) --\> climbing fibers --\> cerebellum as an error signal of unexpected response
29
Cerebellar defects are ALWAYS \_\_\_\_\_.
ipsilateral (they're either uncrossed or cross twice)
30
Climbing fibers innervate which functional zones of the cerebellum?
all 3: the vestibule, spino, and cerebrocerebellum
31
\_\_\_\_\_ from granule cells converge on Purkinje cells.
Parallel fibers
32
Midline cerebellar lesions impair \_\_\_\_\_.
coordination of stance, gait, posture, and equilibrium
33
Climbing fibers ascending in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
inferior cerebellar peduncle
34
What are the 3 phylogenetic divisions of the cerebellum?
1. the archicerebellum 2. the paleocerebellum 3. the neocerebellum
35
Where do parallel fibers come from?
internal granular cells
36
\_\_\_\_\_ cerebellar lesions impair coordination of stance, gait, posture, and equilibrium.
Midline (vermis)
37
What is the output of the spinocerebellum paravermis pathway?
the lateral decending tracts and RED NUCLEUS
38
In all zones, the climbing fiber input comes from the \_\_\_\_.
contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
39
Mossy fibers from varying sources excite \_\_\_\_\_.
granular cells
40
What happens when a simple spike and a complex spike occur in the same location?
an excitation occurring in an already depolarized cell --\> fire together = wire together --\> long term depression --\> reduce the efficiency of this synapse bc this is INHIBITORY
41
The lateral pathways control _____ while the medial pathways are for \_\_\_\_.
lateral = extremities; medial = postural and balance control
42
What is the function of the vermal region?
* axial control * posture * locomotion * gaze reflexes
43
What does the cerebrocerebellum pathway project to?
the VL (ventrolateral) nucleus of the thalamus
44
What is the output of the vestibulocerebellum pathway?
vestibular nuclei
45
This zone of the cerebellum has control of modulation of stretch and withdrawl reflexes.
the paravermis
46
The mossy fibers come into the cerebellum and innervate the \_\_\_\_.
granule cells
47
What cells in the cerebellar cortex are inhibitory?
* the Purkinje cells * the inhibitory interneurons
48
What are the 3 problems with synergy?
3 Ds (ataxia): 1. dysmetria 2. decomposition of movement 3. dysdiadochokinesia
49
Parallel fibers from ______ converge on Purkinje cells.
granule cells
50
This zone of the cerebellum has control of the axial skeleton, posture, locomotion, and gaze reflexes.
the vermis
51
Climbing fibers come from the \_\_\_\_\_.
contralateral inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
52
Name the cerebellar functional zone: the contralateral VA/VL thalamus (and red nucleus)
cerebrocerebellum pathway
53
Cerebellar lesions DO NOT produce _____ or _____ loss.
weakness or sensory loss
54
What is the function of the vermis?
* axial control * posture * locomotion * gaze reflexes
55
Climbing fibers from the ION converge on the ____ cells.
Purkinje
56
What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?
* axial control * vestibular control (balance, eye movements)
57
\_\_\_\_ from varying sources excite granular cells.
Mossy fibers
58
Climbing fibers are oriented _____ to the plane of the dendritic arbor.
perpendicular
59
What is the HANDS tremor?
Hypotonia Ataxia (3 Ds) Nystagmus Dysarthria Stance and Gait (Intention) tremor
60
What directly innervates the Purkinje cells?
the climbing fibers
61
The vermis purkinjes --\> ______ --\> ICP --\> medullary reticular formation --\> vestibulospinal pathways --\> axial motor control
fastigial nucleus
62
What is the function of the paravermis?
modulation of stretch and withdrawl reflexes
63
Where do the mossy fibers come from in the cerebrocerebellum?
the pons
64
Climbing fibers from the ____ converge on Purkinje cells.
inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
65
What facilitates lateral inhibition?
inhibitory interneurons connecting the neighboring Purkinje cells
66
\_\_\_\_ from the ION converge on the Purkinje cells.
Climbing fibers
67
The cerebrocerebellum is the most _____ part of the cerebellum anatomy.
lateral
68
What are the 2 types of fibers that are the major input tracts to the cerebellum?
climbing fibers and mossy fibers
69
The vestibulocerebellum contains the \_\_\_\_\_.
floculonodular lobe
70
What are the 3 gross divisions of the cerebellum?
2 hemispheres + 1 midline vermis
71
Where do the mossy fibers come from in the vestibulocerebellum?
the vestibular system
72
Where do the mossy fibers come from in the spinocerebellum?
the spine and elsewhere

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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