Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards
(27 cards)
How does pilocarpine treat closed angle glaucoma? What drugs are administered with it?
- rapidly decreases IOP by lowering resistance to outflow of aqueous humor
- given with apraclonidine and timolol
What is the tx for HSV keratitis?
- acyclovir (oral)
- trifluridine (topical)
How does mannitol/glycerol treat closed angle glaucoma?
osmotic diuresis
This drug rapidly decreases IOP by lowering resistance to outflow of aqueous humor and is used to treat CLOSED ANGLE glaucoma.
pilocarpine
What is the main risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma?
increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
What is Timolol/Timoptic? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- a beta-blocker
- used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SEs = exacerbation of heart problems, asthma, airway troubles
____ is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP > 22mmHg).
Glaucoma
Name an alpha-2 agonist used to treat open angle glaucoma. What are its SEs?
- Brimonidine/Alphagan
- SEs = red eyes, CNS depression, apnea in children
These drugs treat glaucoma by constricting the pupil, relaxing the lens, and improving drainage.
muscarinic agonists
These drugs treat glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous humor.
beta-blockers
What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis?
- OTC antihistamines or decongestants
- lubricant ointments
How do muscarinic agonists treat glaucoma?
- constrict the pupil
- relax the lens
- improve drainage
What abx can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis? Which abx should be avoided?
- tx = erythromycin, polymixin-trimethoprim, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones
- AVOID AMINOGLYCOSIDES
What is the tx for open angle glaucoma?
- surgery
- prostaglandin analog (PA- Latanoprost/Xalantan)
- beta-blocker (Timolol/Timoptic)
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide/Trusopt)
- alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine/Alphagan)
- combo therapy
What is normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?
10-15mmHg above atmospheric (keeps the eye slightly distended)
What is the tx for closed angle glaucoma?
- pilocarpine
- acetazolamide
- mannitol/glycerol
This drug blocks the formation of aqueous humor.
acetazolamide
Name a beta-blocker used to treat open angle glaucoma. What are its SEs?
- Timolol/Timoptic
- SEs = exacerbation of heart problems, asthma, airway troubles
These drugs cause osmotic diuresis for the tx of CLOSED ANGLE glaucoma.
mannitol/glycerol
Name a prostaglandin analog (PG). What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- Latanoprost/Xalantan
- OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SEs= brown discoloration of iris, eyelash length. and dark., irritation
What is Latanoprost/Xalantan? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- a prostaglandin analog (PG)
- used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SE = brown discoloration of iris, eyelash length. and dark,. irritation
What is Dorzolamide/Trusopt? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SEs = bitter taste, fatigue
What is Brimonidine/Alphagan? What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- an alpha-2 agonist
- used to treat OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SEs = eyes, CNS depression, apnea in children
Name a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. What is it used to treat? What are its SEs?
- Dorzolamide/Trusopt
- OPEN ANGLE glaucoma
- SEs = bitter taste, fatigue
