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aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's > Cortical Lesions > Flashcards

Cortical Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the brain are linked for normal function of human emotions?

A
  • hippocampus
  • parahippocampal gyrus
  • cingulate gyrus
  • anterior nucleus of the thalamus
  • mammillary bodies
  • fornix
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2
Q

The ____ is specialized for mediating the prosody of speech.

A

right frontal hemisphere

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3
Q

This is impaired auditory comprehension due to a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior temporal gyrus.

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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4
Q

This is a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action.

A

executive function

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5
Q

What is the hippocampus for?

A

new learning and memories

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6
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  • voluntary mvmt
  • language fluency (L)
  • motor prosody (R)
  • comportment
  • executive function
  • motivation
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7
Q

What lesion can cause disinhibition?

A

orbitofrontal lesions

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8
Q

What are the 3 major nonlinguistic syndromes relating to specific areas of damage in the prefrontal cortex?

A
  1. disinhibition
  2. apathy
  3. executive dysfunction
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9
Q

What can an orbitofrontal lesion cause?

A

disinhibition

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10
Q

What does a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior gyrus cause?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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11
Q

What is apraxia?

A

An impairment of learned motor activity

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12
Q

What lesion can cause hemineglect?

A

a parietal lobe lesion

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13
Q

What is the major artery supplying the cerebral cortex?

A

the middle cerebral artery (MCA)

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14
Q

A lesion in ______ causes executive dysfunction.

A

dorsolateral prefrontal lesions

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15
Q

This is an impairment of learned motor activity.

A

apraxia

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16
Q

A lesion to what part of the brain can cause visual agnosia?

A

the occipital lobe

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17
Q

Name the lobe:

  • voluntary mvmt
  • language fluency (L)
  • motor prosody (R)
  • comportment
  • executive function
  • motivation
A

frontal lobe

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18
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

inability to integrate limbic drives into appropriate behavioral responses –> irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence

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19
Q

This is the inability to integrate limbic drives into appropriate behavioral responses –> irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity, hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence.

A

disinhibition

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20
Q

This is an acquired disorder of writing, often seen with aphasia and other neurobehavioral syndromes.

A

Agraphia

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21
Q

What is perseveration?

A

the failure to alter one’s actions in response to changing environmental stimuli

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22
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A
  • tactile sensation
  • visuospatial function (R)
  • attention (R)
  • reading (L)
  • writing (L)
  • calculation (L)
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23
Q

What is amnesia?

A

An acquired disorder of memory, implying an impairment of new learning

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24
Q

This is a rapidly evolving disorder of attention.

A

an acute confusional state

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25
Q

What is hemineglect?

A

inattention to one side of the body or extrapersonal space

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26
Q

What causes a lesion of the R hemisphere analog of Wernicke’s area?

A

sensory aprosody

27
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located? Which Broadmann’s area is it?

A

left superior temporal gyrus; Brodmann’s area 22

28
Q

What is motor aprosody?

A

the inability to inflect speech with emotion

29
Q

How many layers are in the neocortex?

A

6

30
Q

Name the lobe:

  • language comprehension (L)
  • sensory prosody (R)
  • memory
  • emotion
A

temporal lobe

31
Q

What is executive function?

A

a critical domain that involves the capacity to plan, carry out, and monitor a sequential goal-directed action

32
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

ability to see an image but can’t recognize it

33
Q

This is located in in the L frontal lobe and is Brodmann’s area 45.

A

Broca’s area

34
Q

This is a failure of recognition through one sensory modality; visual, auditory, and tactile agnosias have been described.

A

Agnosia

35
Q

This is the failure to alter one’s actions in response to changing environmental stimuli.

A

perseveration

36
Q

What happens with bilateral hippocampal resection?

A

permanent amnesia

37
Q

How many layers are in the allocortex? What does it consist of? What are these brain areas important for?

A
  • 3
  • the hippocampus and temporal lobe
  • memory
38
Q

This is inattention to one side of the body or extrapersonal space.

A

hemineglect

39
Q

What is Agnosia?

A

A failure of recognition through one sensory modality; visual, auditory, and tactile agnosias have been described.

40
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex? How many layers does it consist of?

A

3mm; 6 layers

41
Q

What is mediated by the limbic system?

A

the 4 Fs:

  • fighting
  • fleeing
  • feeding
  • F-ing
42
Q

This is a loss of motivation and erosion of initiative .

A

apathy

43
Q

Apathy is caused by _____ lesions.

A

medial frontal

44
Q

What do dorsolateral prefrontal lesions sometimes cause?

A

executive dysfunction

45
Q

Name the lobe:

  • vision
  • vision perception
  • visual recognition
A

occipital lobe

46
Q

This is the inability to inflect speech with emotion.

A

motor aprosody

47
Q

What does a medial frontal lesion cause?

A

apathy

48
Q

A lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum can cause?

A

pure alexia

49
Q

This is the impaired ability to identify objects by name; a synonym is dysnomia.

A

anomia

50
Q

What is Agraphia?

A

An acquired disorder of writing, often seen with aphasia and other neurobehavioral syndromes.

51
Q

This is a pt can write but can not read due to a lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum.

A

pure alexia

52
Q

What is anomia?

A

Impaired ability to identify objects by name; a synonym is dysnomia

53
Q

This is the inability to maintain a coherent line of thought despite adequate arousal and language function.

A

confusion

54
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

impaired auditory comprehension due to a lesion in the posterior region of the L superior temporal gyrus

55
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • language comprehension (L)
  • sensory prosody (R)
  • memory
  • emotion
56
Q

What is apathy?

A

loss of motivation and erosion of initiative

57
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  • vision
  • vision perception
  • visual recognition
58
Q

What is an acute confusional state?

A

A rapidly evolving disorder of attention

59
Q

Where is Broca’s area? Which Brodmann’s area is it?

A
  • in the L frontal lobe
  • Brodmann’s area 45
60
Q

What is the ability to see an image but can’t recognize it called?

A

visual agnosia

61
Q

What is pure alexia?

A

pt can write but can not read due to a lesion in the left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum

62
Q

Name the lobe:

  • tactile sensation
  • visuospatial function (R)
  • attention (R)
  • reading (L)
  • writing (L)
  • calculation (L)
A

the parietal lobe

63
Q

This is an acquired disorder of memory, implying an impairment of new learning.

A

amnesia

aNeuro Exam 3- Lindsey's (20 decks)

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