Cervix In Health And Disease

Question 1

Metaplasia?

Answer 1

One type of mature cells convert to another type, hence HPV can easily invade and cause cancer

Question 2

In menopause what happens to SCJ?

Answer 2

Move inwards

Question 3

What percentage of smooth muscle fibres in stroma of cervix?

Answer 3

15

Question 4

Pain fibres in cervix be due to?

Answer 4

Parasympathetic to S2 S3 S4

Question 5

In pregnancy cervix?

Answer 5

Hypertrophies and becomes softer, increased vascularity so look blue

Question 6

Thick white discharge?

Answer 6

Gonorrhoea

Question 7

Strawberry surface?

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Chlamydia can cause?

Answer 8

Adhesions

Question 9

What percent of women will be infected with HPV at some point?

Answer 9

95

Question 10

Trachelectomy?

Answer 10

Suture vagina to body of uterus but remove cervix

Question 11

Difference of cervix in nulliparous woman and porous woman?

Answer 11

No kids- barrel chapped with a small circular external os at the centre of the cervix

Porous woman- bulky and external os is slit like

Question 12

Layers of squamous epithelium?

Answer 12

Basal parabasal intermediate and superficial layer

Question 13

What happens in menopause?

Answer 13

TZ recedes

Question 14

Blood supply to cervix?

Answer 14

Uterine artery, descending branch

Question 15

Lymphatic drainage in cervix?

Answer 15

Parametric obturator int iliacus and ext iliac common iliac

Question 16

Nerve supply to cervix?

Answer 16

Pain fibres with the parasympathetic S2, 3 and 4

Question 17

Stroma of cervix?

Answer 17

Collagenous connective fibres and approx 15 smooth muscle fibres

Question 18

Function of cervix?

Answer 18

Produces mucus

Act as a barrier to infection

Holds pregnancy in place
Effaced and dilates in vaginal birth

Question 19

Cervix changes in birth?

Answer 19

Hypertrophied, softer, more blood vessels, glands distended with mucus, ectropion (cells that line inside grow on outside), remains elongated

Question 20

Cervical ectopic (erosion) happens how?

Answer 20

Due to oestrogen

Question 21

Lack of oestrogen causes?

Answer 21

Atrophic cervicitis- non infectious inflammation

Question 22

Strawberry cervix due to

Answer 22

Trichomaniasis

Question 23

White cervix due to?

Answer 23

HPV

Question 24

What is the 2nd most common cancer in women?

Answer 24

Cervix

Question 25

What percent of cervical cancer happen in less economically developed countrieS?

Answer 25

80

Question 26

Causes of cervix cancer?

Answer 26

HPV 
Smoking 
Immune compromise
Low socioeconomic economic status
Multiple sex partners

Question 27

What percent of women will get HPV of the sexually active?

Answer 27

95%

Question 28

How often are women invited for cervical smears?

Answer 28

Every 3 years from 25 to 49

And 5 years from 50 to 65

Question 29

Cervix cancer treatment?

Answer 29

Loop excision/ simple hysterectomy

Radical hysterectomy/ trachelectomy - remove cervix

Chemo radiotherapy

Question 30

Henrietta lacks?

Answer 30

HeLa cells , more than 50 million tonnes of her cells were replicated, immortal