FMA 3 Flashcards
Factors associated with endometrial cancer?
Obesity Late menopause Multiparous Ealry menarche Diabetes mellitus PCOS Unopposed HRT, Tamoxifen Familial Ethnicity (white)
Most common histological type of endometrial cancer?
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
Main staging stystem for endometrial cancer?
FIGO
Difference between well and poorly differentiated forms of endometrial cancer?
Well differentiated- resembles tissue of origin-good prognosis
Poorly differentiated- does not resemble tissue of origin poor prognosis
According to WHO’s definition, sexual health is not merely absence of sexual dsyfunction or disease?
What other components?
Sexual pleasure
Freedom from sexual coercion
Freedom from sexuality related discrimination
Freedom from sexual violence
Why is it important to distinguish STDs and STIs?
Focus on STi more effective as it includes treatment of asymptomatic infection which can be transmitted to others as well as symptomatic infection (disease). Focus on STD means only treating symptomatic infection.
What possible cancers are present in a mixed germ cell tumour?
Seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumour
Tumour markers assessed in testicular cancer?
Alpha fetoprotein
Hcg
Lactate dehydrogenase
List prognostic features in testicular cancer?
Type: seminoma has good prognosis TNM: tumour, node, metastasis Size of tumour Extension outside testis Presence of vascular invasion Lymph node metastasis Distant metastases to liver or lung High levels of tumour marker
Treatments availbale for testicular cancer?
Orchidectomy
Chemotherapy
Rates of gonorrhoeal infections increased between 1996 and 22004? What are possible reasons?
Increasing number of partners
Decreasing age of first intercourse
Decreasing use of condoms
Less fear as effective HIV treatment widely available
What type of organism is responsible for gonorrhoea?
Gram negative intracellular diplococci
Long term consequences of untreated gonorrhoea infection in a woman?
Infertility (secondary to tubal damage)
Chronic pelvic pain
PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Name and causative agent type of genital warts?
HPV 6 and 11
