Long term complications of diabetes Flashcards
which cells are not able to reduce glucose transport in response to extracellular hyperglycaemia?
retinal endothelial cells
mesangial cells of glomerulus
schwann cells and peripheral nerve cells
which cells are not able to reduce glucose transport in response to extracellular hyperglycaemia?
retinal endothelial cells
mesangial cells of glomerulus
schwann cells and peripheral nerve cells
risk of blindness increases how many fold by DM?
10-20
pathological findings of diabetic retinopathy?
loss of pericytes basement membrane thickening, causing hypoxemia, closure of capillaries and ischaemia VEGF production Increased capillary permeability, Can see cotton wool spots
injections for retinopathy?
intra vitreal anti VEGF Ab
neuropathy affects how many diabetics?
50%
what percentage have painful neuropathy?
15%
entrapment neuropathy?
such as carpal tunnel syndrome
charcot foot?
swelling and inflammation in foot
autonomic neuropathy problems?
gastroparesis postural hypotension erectile dysfunction gustatory sweating diarrhoea
nephropathy is the commonest cause of?
end stage renal disease
nephropathy accounts for how many deaths?
21% of type 1 and 11% of type 2
pathological findings of diabetic nephropathy?
basement membrane thickening (loss of negative charge)
podocyte loss
glomerular sclerosis
mesangial expansion
diabetic nephropathy treatment?
blood pressure control
blockers of ras (ace inhibitors)
glucose control
Renal replacement
Nephropathy details?
BMI thickening
Loss of podocytes
Glomerular sclerosis
Mesangial expansion
