CFB L6 - Renal Anatomy

Question 1

Hillum

Answer 1

Region where renal artery, renal vein + ureter enters + leaves organ

Question 2

L1

Answer 2

First lumbar verterba of spinal column below T12 and above L2

Question 3

Retroperitoneal

Answer 3

Behind peritoneum, below posterior abdominal wall

Question 4

Superior

Answer 4

Location above another structure

Question 5

Inferior

Answer 5

Location below / lower than another structure

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Position is towards midline of body

Question 7

Reflection

Answer 7

Process of folding back or turning a structure upon itself.
Typically done in surgery to gain better access to certain structures

Question 8

Hepatic Flexure

Answer 8

Sharp bend in colon located in URT (upper respiratory tract) near liver caused by junction of ascending colon and transverse colon

Question 9

Splenic flexure

Answer 9

Sharp bend in colon in ULQ near spleen caused by junction of transverse and descending colon

Question 10

Fascia

Answer 10

Fibrous connective tissue. surrounds + supports muscle, organs
Composed of
-collagen
-elastin
which give it strength + flexibility

Question 11

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right kidney?

Answer 11

Between T12 - L3

Question 12

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left kidney?

Answer 12

Between T11 - L3

Question 13

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right hillum?

Answer 13

L2

Question 14

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left hillum?

Answer 14

L1

Question 15

Why is the right kidney lower?

Answer 15

Due to presence of liver, which occupies lots of space in presence of URQ, pushing kidney down

Question 16

What structures enter and leave at L1, the hila?

Answer 16

Inferior vena cava
Abdominal aorta
Sympathetic -

Question 17

Which structures are posterior to the kidney?

Answer 17

Diaphragm
Ribs (12th rib)

Psoas major muscle

Quadratus Lumborum musclce

Transversus abdominis muscle

Subcostal nerve

Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 18

Which structures are anterior to the right kidney?

Answer 18

Liver
Duodenum
Colon
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Hepatic flexure / right colic flexure

Question 19

Which structures are anterior to the left kidney?

Answer 19

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left adrenal gland
Splenic flexure / left colic flexure

Question 20

Retroperitoneal location of the Kidneys

DIAGRAM

Answer 20

Greater sac of peritneum cavity
Stomach
Lesser Sac
Hepatic artery
Peritoneum
Free boarder of lesser omentum
Liver
Common Bile duct
Right kidney
Portal vein
Vertebra
Aprta
Left Kidney
Spleen

THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS KIDNEYS ARE OUTSIDE OF GREATER SAC OF PERINEAL / ABDOMINAL CAVITY

SHOWS KIDNEYS RETROPERITONEAL

Question 21

Organs and myscles which are retroperitoneal

Answer 21

Duodenum
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Desecning Colon
Quadratus Lumborum musclce
Kidneys
Psoas muscle
Vena cava
Aorta

Question 22

The four layers of protection around each kidney

Answer 22

Kidney has 3 capsules

1. Fibrous capsule - adheres to surface of kidney, surrounds kidney
2. Perenephric fat - outside the fibrous capsule, completely surrounds kidney, perinephric fat is a layer of adipose tissue
3. Then, we have Renal Fascia, outside perenephric fat, this is a layer of connective tissue
4. Paranephric Fat - layer of adipose tissue
5. Peritoneum

Question 23

Meaning of “peri”

Answer 23

around

Question 24

Meaning of “para”

Answer 24

Besides

Question 25

Blood supply to kidneys / external renal vasculature

Answer 25

20% of cardiac output delivered to kidneys by abdominal aorta + pair of renal arteries. Each main renal artery starts just below the level of the superioir mesenteric artery, at the level of L2 verterba body. Each Main renal artery branches into 2 prehilar branches from hilum called anterior + posterior branches Anterior prehilum branch Posterior prehilum branch

Question 26

Order of structures passing into hilum from anterior to posterior

Answer 26

Vein Artery Ureter

Question 27

Anatomy of the kidney

Answer 27

1. Medullary pyramids 2. Interlobular artery 3. Renal artery 4. Renal vein 5. Hilum 6. Renal pelvis 7. Ureter 8. Minor calyx 9. Renal capsule 10. Renal fascia 11. Perinephral fat 12. Interlobular vein 13. Cortex 14. Renal Medulla 15. Major calyx 16. Renal papilla 17. Renal column

Question 28

Which structures enter and leave at the hilum?

Answer 28

Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Lymphatic nerves

Question 29

What does papilla mean?

Answer 29

Latin for "nipple"

Question 30

What is the plural of calyx?

Answer 30

Calycel

Question 31

Describe the pathway of urine through the kidney

Answer 31

Papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, pelvis, ureter, baladder

Question 32

State the location of Bowmans capsule

Answer 32

In cortex, whole renal corpuscle, glomerulus + bowmans capsule

Question 33

Which structures are outside the medullary pyramid?

Answer 33

Renal corpuscle Bowman's capsule, glomerulus Tubules (proximal + convoluted

Question 34

Which structures are inside the medullary pyramid?

Answer 34

Loop of henle, collecting duct

Question 35

Nephron anatomy

Answer 35

Interlobular artery Interlobular vein Bowman's Capsule Glomerulus Proximal Convoluted Tubule Distill convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct Peritubular capillaries

Question 36

Meaning of afferent

Answer 36

Towards glomerulus

Question 37

Meaning of efferent

Answer 37

Away from glomerulus

Question 38

Which renal artery is longer, right or left and why?

Answer 38

Right renal artery longer than left Must pass in front off IVC

Question 39

What is the only major vessel which travels posterior to IVC?

Answer 39

Right renal artery

Question 40

Which is longer, left renal vein or right renal vein and why?

Answer 40

LEFT Must pass in front of ABDOMINAL AORTA

Question 41

Describe the positioning of the main renal arteries

Answer 41

Starts just below level of superior mesenteric artery, at level of Lumbar 2 Veterba of spinal column