Ch. 1 and 2

Question 0

Chemsitry

Answer 0

-Study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

-Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

What are the 5 areas of study for Chemistry

Answer 2

• Organic Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry

Question 3

Organic Chemistry

Answer 3

-The study of all chemicals containing carbon

Question 4

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 4

-The study of chemical in general do not contain carbon

Question 5

Biochemistry

Answer 5

-The study processes that take place in living organisms

Question 6

Analytical Chemistry

Answer 6

-Study that focuses on the composition of matter

Question 7

Physical chemistry

Answer 7

-Area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

Question 8

Pure Chemistry

Answer 8

-Pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

Question 9

Applied Chemistry

Answer 9

-Research that is direct toward a practical goal or application

Question 10

What are alchemists?

Answer 10

• The people who used chemicals for medical, spiritual, and magical purposes
• Alchemy is known as a proto-science

Question 11

Goals of Alchemists

Answer 11

1. To create the philosophers stone
2. Transmute base metals into noble metals (gold or silver)
3. Develop an elixir of life

Question 12

When did alchemy stop being respected?

Answer 12

• By the 1600’s alchemy was thought to be practiced by scam artists and con-men

Question 13

Who ushered Alchemy into the modern age and when?

Answer 13

• Robert Boyle
• 1661
• He used logical, quantifiable, and reliable way to study matter, which later parallel our modern use of the scientific method

Question 14

How did chemistry emerge?

Answer 14

-By the 1700’s chemistry emerged from alchemy and distanced itself from religion, magic, and superstition

Question 15

Who established the scientific method?

Answer 15

• Boyle and Newton

- Esablished the scientific method as a standard to study the natural world

Question 16

Scientific Method

Answer 16

-A logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

Question 17

Observation

Answer 17

-Using your sense to obtain information

Question 18

Hypothesis

Answer 18

• Proposed explanation for an observation

- 2 hyptohesis’: what will happen (hypothesis) and what will not happen (null hypothesis)

Question 19

Experiment

Answer 19

-A procedure used to test a hypothesis

Question 20

Independent Variable

Answer 20

-The variable that you change during an experiment

Question 21

Dependent Variable

Answer 21

-The variable that is observed during the experiment

Question 22

Model

Answer 22

• A representation of an object or event

- Chemists use models to study chemical reactions and processes

Question 23

Theory

Answer 23

-A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

Question 24

Scientific law

Answer 24

-Summarizes the results of man observations and experiments

Question 25

Conclusion

Answer 25

-To make judgements based off observations -also called assuptions Ex: When paper burns, ash and CO2 is formed

Question 26

Extensive properties

Answer 26

- A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample - Includes: - Mass - Weight - Volume - Length

Question 27

Mass

Answer 27

-The amount of matter an object contains

Question 28

Volume

Answer 28

-A measure of the space occupied by an object

Question 29

Intensive properties

Answer 29

- Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present - Examples: Color, Odor, Conductivity, hardness, Melting/Freezing point, Boiling point

Question 30

Solids

Answer 30

-A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

Question 31

Liquids

Answer 31

-A form of matter that had an indefinite shape, flows, and yet had a fixed volume

Question 32

Gas

Answer 32

-A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container

Question 33

Physical Change

Answer 33

-Some properties of the material change, but the composition of the material does not change

Question 34

Chemical Change

Answer 34

-Any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances

Question 35

Mixture

Answer 35

- A physical blend of two or more components | - Most samples of matter are mixtures

Question 36

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Answer 36

-A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Question 37

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 37

- A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout - Ex: Olive Oil, Vinegar - Many are liquids but some are gases, like air, and some are solids, like stainless steel

Question 38

Solution

Answer 38

-Another name for a homogeneous mixture

Question 39

Phase

Answer 39

- Used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties - Ex: Homogeneous mixture has a single phase - Ex: Heterogeneous mixtures have 2 or more phases

Question 40

Decanting

Answer 40

-Pouring out a phase to separate the mixture

Question 41

Filtation

Answer 41

- The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture - Ex: Coffee filter separates the grounds from brewed coffee

Question 42

Distillation

Answer 42

-A liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

Question 43

Control Variables

Answer 43

- The variables in an experiment which are kept constant between trials - Ex: oven temp when baking cookies, amount of each ingredient

Question 44

Experimental controls

Answer 44

Experimental trials used to identify known experimental response - Positive control and Negative control - Positive: recieves a treatment that has a known response, that it can be observed and collected - Negative: group which no response is expected, and can be created by removing the independent variable or treatment is removed

Question 45

Alchemists believed...

Answer 45

- The physical and spiritual world were connected | - The characteristics of the known elements could affect a persons physical and spiritual form