ch 10 & 11 (cell growth & division)

Question 1

what are the main reasons why a cell cannot get too big

Answer 1

• the larger a cell becomes, the harder it is for the cell to move enough substances through itself
• a large cell also puts more demands on DNA

Question 2

what is meiosis

Answer 2

gamete production

Question 3

what are the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each one?

Answer 3

G1 phase- cell growth
S phase- DNA replication
G2 Phase-Preparing for mitosis
M phase- Mitosis and cell division

Question 4

what is mitosis divided into

Answer 4

prophase, metaphase, Anaphase and telophase

Question 5

what is mitosis

Answer 5

the division of the nucleus

Question 6

what is cytokines

Answer 6

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 7

what is cell division

Answer 7

the process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells

Question 8

how dose cell division solve problems of increasing size

Answer 8

by reducing cell volume

Question 9

centromere

Answer 9

the area where a pair of chromatin attach

Question 10

what is the cell cycle

Answer 10

the series of events that a cell goes through as they grow and divide

Question 11

what is the spindle

Answer 11

a fan-like micro tube structure that helps separate chromosomes

Question 12

during meiosis 1 what happens in inter-phase 1?

Answer 12

cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes

Question 13

during meiosis 1 what happens in phrophase 1

Answer 13

each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad

Question 14

during meiosis 1 what happens in metaphase 1

Answer 14

spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

Question 15

during meiosis 1 what happens in anaphase

Answer 15

the fibers pull the homologus chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 16

during meiosis 1 what happens in telophase and cytokinesis

Answer 16

nuclear membranes form. the cell separates into two cells

Question 17

during meiosis 2 what happens in phrophase 2

Answer 17

meiosis 1 results in two haploid (N) daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 18

during meiosis 2 what happens in metaphase 2

Answer 18

the chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis

Question 19

during meiosis 2 what happens in anaphase 2

Answer 19

the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cells

Question 20

during meiosis 2 what happens in telophase 2 and cytokinesis

Answer 20

meiosis 2 results in 4 haploid (N) daughter cells.

Question 21

2N

Answer 21

diploid

Question 22

N

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

what are the two main stages of cell division

Answer 23

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 24

chromosomes

Answer 24

• passes genetic info. from a generation to another

- made of DNA bound to proteins

Question 25

when a cell divides in the cell cycle what is formed

Answer 25

two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 26

what happens in interphase during the cell cycle

Answer 26

the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles

Question 27

what happens in prophase during the cell cycle

Answer 27

the chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. the nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 28

what happens in metaphase during the cell cycle

Answer 28

the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere

Question 29

what happens in anaphase during the cell cycle

Answer 29

the sister chromatids seperates into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

Question 30

what happens in telophase during the cell cycle

Answer 30

the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Two new nuclear envelopes will form

Question 31

what happens in cytokinesis during the cell cycle

Answer 31

the cytoplasm pinches in half. each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicite chromosomes

Question 32

what are 3 different types cell cycle regulations

Answer 32

cyclins, INternal regulators,external regulators

Question 33

cyclins,

Answer 33

regulate the timing of cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 34

iNternal regulators

Answer 34

proteins that respond to events inside the cell

Question 35

external regulators

Answer 35

protines that respond to events outside the cell

Question 36

cancer

Answer 36

uncontrolled cell growth | cells that do not respond to signals that regulate the growth of the cells

Question 37

what are some causes of cancer

Answer 37

smoking tobacco radiation exposure viral infection

Question 38

what gene is linked to cancer

Answer 38

p 53, which normally halts the cell cycle unti all chromosomes have been properly replicated

Question 39

what are gamates, what are they specificly in male and females

Answer 39

sex cells females- eggs males-sperm

Question 40

what are some other reasons why cells divide

Answer 40

growth repair asexual reproduction

Question 41

diploid/2N

Answer 41

- fullest set of chromosomes | - contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 42

how many chromosomes doe a human cell have

Answer 42

46

Question 43

where do you get your 46 chromosomes?

Answer 43

23 from mom | 23 from dad

Question 44

haploid/N

Answer 44

1/2 set of chromosomes

Question 45

what cells are haploids in humans, how many chromosomes do they have

Answer 45

sex cells/gamates | 23 chromosomes

Question 46

what are the two stages of meiosis

Answer 46

meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

Question 47

tetrad

Answer 47

a structure formed by chromosomes paring with is corresponding homologous chromosome (paring of homologous chromosomes)

Question 48

WHEN Chromosomes are normally visible

Answer 48

when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division

Question 49

what is crossing-over

Answer 49

when tetrads exchange portions of their chromatids

Question 50

what are some similarities between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 50

- both processes begin with diploid cells | - both considered as cell division

Question 51

what are some differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 51

mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells,asextual reproduction,1 division meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid cells, sextual reproduction, 2divisions

Question 52

what is a homologous chromosome

Answer 52

chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain same types of genes in the same locations