ch 8 & 9 (photosynthesis & cellular respiration)

Question 1

autotrophic

Answer 1

organisms that use light energy from the sun to make food

Question 2

heterotrophic

Answer 2

organisms that contain energy from the food they consume

Question 3

where dose the enery from most living things come from?

Answer 3

the sun

Question 4

what dose at stand for ATP and what is it ?

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate . basic energy source in all cells

Question 5

what dose Atp consist of ?

Answer 5

adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups

Question 6

What is the key to ATP’s ability to store rand release energy?

Answer 6

phosphate groups

Question 7

what do animals store instead of large amounts of ATP over long periods of time

Answer 7

animals store glycogen

Question 8

what do plants store instead of large amounts of ATP over long periods of time

Answer 8

starch

Question 9

ADP

Answer 9

compound that looks almost like ATP, except that it has two phosphate groups instead of three

Question 10

what is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 10

6CO2+6H20—-> C6H12O6+6O2
(or)
carbon dioxide+ water —> sugar+oxygen

Question 11

what is the main pigment

Answer 11

chloropyll

Question 12

storma

Answer 12

the space outside the membranes of the chloroplast

Question 13

granum

Answer 13

a stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast

Question 14

thylakoids

Answer 14

photosystems clusters of pigment and protein that absorb light energy

Question 15

what is NAD+

Answer 15

the electron carrier in the electron transport chain

Question 16

what is the equation to make NADPH

Answer 16

NADP + H+2E

Question 17

where do the electrons come from

Answer 17

enzymes that brake down H20 down into 2e-, 2H+, and 1 oxygen

Question 18

where dose a light dependant reactions occur

Answer 18

the chloroplast (thylakoid membrane)

Question 19

van Helmont

Answer 19

he weighed a container and the dirt inside the container, he them weighed a seedling and planted it in the pot. he continued to water the plant and then in 5 yrs took the plant out and reweighed everything. The plant weighed more but the dirt weighed the same. He concluded the mass of plants came from H2O

Question 20

Joseph Priestley

Answer 20

lit a candle and then put a container over it, he then observed that the candle soon went out.
Then created an experiment where he put a plant inside the container with the candle and then once again lit it, the candle soon went out again and was no able to be relighted but after a few days it was able to be lit again. He concluded that the plants produce oxygen

Question 21

what is one factor that makes major contribution to the mass of plat besides H2o

Answer 21

carbon in carbon dioxide makes major contribution to the mass of plat

Question 22

Ingen-Housz

Answer 22

he put a plant inside 2 container filled with water. One container was kept under a light and the other in a dark corner, he found that the container under the light had bubbles but the one with no light had no bubbles. he then concluded that plants need light for photosynthesis to occur

Question 23

where dose the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 23

the storma

Question 24

calorie

Answer 24

the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 C degree

Question 25

formula for cellular respiration

Answer 25

6O2+C6H12O6--------> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP (or) Oxygen and glucose---------> ATP, carbon dioxide and water

Question 26

cellular respiration

Answer 26

an aerobic process that breaks down food and releases energy in the presence of oxygen

Question 27

what goes in and comes out of the Kerbs cycle

Answer 27

in- pyruvic acid | out- CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

Question 28

in cellular respiration what is the total amount of ATP molecules and how many are made in each step

Answer 28

GLYCOLOSIS- 2ATP KERBS CYCLE and ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN- 34ATP TOTAL- 36 ATP

Question 29

what dose aerobic mean

Answer 29

requires oxygen

Question 30

what dose anaerobic mean

Answer 30

dose not need oxygen

Question 31

What can ADP be compared to?

Answer 31

a rechargeable battery

Question 32

photosynthesis

Answer 32

process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates--sugars and starches--that can be used as food

Question 33

Why do most cells have only a small amount of ATP--enough to last for a few second of energy?

Answer 33

ATP is not a good molecule for storing large amounts of energy over long term.

Question 34

what happens in the light dependent reaction

Answer 34

1. photosystem 2 absorbs light and energy is given to electrons that travel down the electron transport chain 2. electrons move down the transport chain to photo system 1. the energy from the electrons in the transport chain is used to move a H+ into the thylakoid 3. Energy from the sun, picked up by pigments, recharge the electron in photosystem 1. NADP+ becomes NADPH

Question 35

what is the charge in the inside and outside of the thylakoid after the light dependent reaction ?

Answer 35

inside- positive | outside negative- negative

Question 36

when in a light dependent reaction the H+ molecules cannot move through the membrane how did they cross the membrane?

Answer 36

they travel through a protein called ATP Synthase.

Question 37

what does ATP synthase do

Answer 37

- produces oxygen - changes ADP to ATP and NAPD+ to NADPH - can be used in the calvin cycle to make high energy sugars

Question 38

what are the two steps in photosynthesis

Answer 38

light dependent reaction and calvin cycle

Question 39

what factors affect photosynthesis

Answer 39

temperature light intensity water availability

Question 40

what happens in the calvin cycle (steps)

Answer 40

1. 6CO2 enters from the atmosphere it then combines with six 5-carbon molecules and we end up with twelve 3 carbon molecules 2. the twelve 3-carbon molecules are converted high energy forms using ATP and NADPH 3. two of the twelve 3 carbon molecules are used to form various 6-carbon sugars and other compounds 4. the remaning tten 3 carbon molecules are converted back into 5-carbon molecules

Question 41

what happend over all in Calvin cycle

Answer 41

6 carbon dioxide molecules where used to produce 6-carbon sugar

Question 42

what are the steps of cellular resperation

Answer 42

glycolosis, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

Question 43

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 43

cytoplasm

Question 44

what happens in glycolosis

Answer 44

one molecule of sugar is broken inhalf forming 2 pyruvic acids

Question 45

what is the equation for alcoholic fermentation

Answer 45

pyruvic acid+ NADH---> alcohol+CO2+6H20+ATP

Question 46

lactic acid Fermentation

Answer 46

convertes glucose to lactic acid while also 2ADP to 2ATP and 2NAD+ to 2NADH, then concerting it back to 2NAD+

Question 47

Krebs Cycle

Answer 47

if oxygen is present , the pyruvic acid from glycolosis will be broken down into CO2 go through a series of energy realising reactions

Question 48

ELectron transport chain

Answer 48

uses high energy electrons from kerb cycle to make ATP

Question 49

what are the 3 parts of atp

Answer 49

ribose, 3 phosphate group and adinine

Question 50

what are the two pathways that glycolosis can lead to depending on wheter oxygen is present or not

Answer 50

fermentation or the krebs cycle