ch7 (cells)

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

the basic unit of life

Question 2

prokaryote

Answer 2

a unicellular organism that lacks the nucleus but still contain genetic material somewhere else, such as any type of bacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

contain nucleus, such as plants or animals

Question 4

what is the cell theory

Answer 4

a fundamental concept that states:

• all living things are composed of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
• New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 5

organelle

Answer 5

a specialized structure that preforms important cellular functions in Eukaryotic cells ( act aa if specialized organs)

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

a granulated material you can see within the nucleus

Question 7

chromosomes

Answer 7

chromatin that condenses when a cell is going to divide

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

• a small dense region within the nuclei

- ribosome production

Question 9

Nuclear membrane/nuclear envelope

Answer 9

• membrane enclosing the nucleus.

- it’s dotted with nuclear pores that allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

network of protein filaments that gives the cell its shape-also involved in cell movement
-made up of microtubules and microfilaments

Question 11

what are microfilaments

Answer 11

long thin fibers for movement and support

Question 12

what are microtubules

Answer 12

hollow tubes of protein for cell shape and organelle movement

Question 13

lipid bilayer

Answer 13

a double-layerd sheet that forms a the core of nearly all cell membranes

Question 14

concentration

Answer 14

the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

the process of particles moving from an area of high-concentration to an area of low-concentration

Question 16

selectively permeable

Answer 16

its what regulates what enters and leaves the cell-only lets certain materials through

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

energy-requring process that moves material across the cell membrane against concentration difference; from low to high

Question 20

endocytosis

Answer 20

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

Question 21

exocytosis

Answer 21

the process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Question 22

isotonic

Answer 22

a point in which the concentration of both solutions are the same (“of the same strength”)

Question 23

hypertonic

Answer 23

when comparing two solutions, the one that has a higheroncentration of solutes

Question 24

hypotonic

Answer 24

when comparing two solutions, the one with lower concentrations of solutes

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

- controls most cell processes - contains the hereditary material DNA - Contains Chromatin and Chromosomes

Question 26

Ribosomes

Answer 26

- produces proteins | - follows specific coded instructions that come from the nucleus

Question 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 27

- components of the cell membrane and proteins are made - transport materials - two types (rough er and smooth er)

Question 28

cytoplasm

Answer 28

- jelly like material that organelles are floating in. | - contains important dissolved materials that the cell needs

Question 29

vacuole

Answer 29

- stores material within a cell | - plant cells contain large vacuole

Question 30

cell membrane

Answer 30

- fluid modle, - selectively permeable - phospholipid bilayer: controls what goes in and out of the cell (some parts hydrophobic and others hydrophilic)

Question 31

cell wall

Answer 31

- used for support and protection for cells - found in many organisms such as: plants, fungus, algae, and many prokaryotes - found outside the cell membrane

Question 32

what is a plants cell wall mostly made of

Answer 32

cellulose

Question 33

mitochondria

Answer 33

the "power house" of a cell | - converts food into high-energy compounds the cells can use (this is ATP)

Question 34

chloroplasts

Answer 34

- use energy from the Sun to make energy-rich molecules | - photosynthesis occurs here

Question 35

golgi Apparatus

Answer 35

- package and distributes materials - adds carbs and lipids to proteins - makes vesicles for transport

Question 36

lysosomes

Answer 36

- filled with enzymes - break down substances (even old organelles) - "suicide Sac"

Question 37

what is rough er

Answer 37

ribosomes stud its surface

Question 38

robert Hooke

Answer 38

the scientists who used the one of the first light microscopes to look at thin plant tissue and found tiny living organisms he called "cells"

Question 39

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 39

one of the first people to study nature with microscopes

Question 40

Mathias Schleiden

Answer 40

concluded all plants are made up of cells

Question 41

Theodor schwann

Answer 41

concluded all animals are made of cells

Question 42

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 42

concluded "where a cell existing ,there must have been a preexisting cell."

Question 43

tissue

Answer 43

a group of similar cells that work together

Question 44

organs

Answer 44

a group of tissues that work together to preform a similar function

Question 45

cell specialization

Answer 45

the process in which cells develop in different ways to preform different tasks

Question 46

what from of energy dose active transport use

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

what are the levels of organization

Answer 47

cell-tissue-organ-organ system- organism

Question 48

mitosis

Answer 48

a type of cell division

Question 49

what are 6 types of cells processes

Answer 49

``` metabolism respiration diffusion Osmosis faciliated diffusion active transport ```